江水北调优化调度模型的研究

从江水北调水资源系统的实际情况出发,建立了确定型的优化调度数学模型,提出一种灵活性较强又能较好地解决实际问题的求解方法,即逐次优化算法(POA)的目标规划,同时编制了计算软件,并给出有益的结论。     

红砂岩路用性质的试验研究

分布在湘耒高速公路沿线的红砂岩具有两种基本结构，即泥状结构和粒状碎屑结构，并富含粘土矿物。在温度变化和干湿循环的条件下，红砂岩具有渐进崩解特性，即红砂岩的结构逐步解体、强度逐步丧失并最终还原为颗粒的松散堆积物，崩解产物简称为红砂土。压实后的红砂土抗剪强度大、抗渗能力强、压缩性低、回弹模量和CBR值较高，具有良好的路用性质。     

舰船复合材料夹层板架结构的分级递进优化设计方法

由于复合材料板架结构具有各向异性、界面复杂及可设计变量众多等特性,因而在开展优化设计时往往困难重重。对此,采用分级递进优化设计方法。以某型舰甲板室舷侧复合材料夹层板架结构为对象,首先根据工程实际并结合复合材料板架结构的设计特点,提取所有可设计变量,并在此基础上分析所有设计变量的灵敏度特征规律;然后,对该夹层板架结构进行两级优化计算与分析;最后,对优化前后的计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,分级递进优化设计方法能有效解决复杂的复合材料板架结构多变量设计问题。     

复合材料导管导流罩渐进失效分析

基于连续损伤力学（Continuum Damage Mechanics,CDM）理论对复合材料导管导流罩进行渐进失效分析,结合刚度降级方法从材料失效角度对导流罩结构极限承载能力和失效演变情况进行研究。利用APDL参数化语言编写程序建立复合材料导管导流罩有限元模型,应用多帧重启动及弧长法实现分析过程。根据Tsai-Wu失效准则判断复合材料损伤及损伤原因,并对失效单元进行连续记录。结果表明：复合材料导流罩结构最先出现基体开裂失效模式,此时少量破坏对导流罩整体结构性能影响较小;随着载荷继续增加出现纤维断裂失效模式;在纤维断裂大规模出现时,载荷位移非线性关系逐渐明显,结构性能急剧下降;整个过程几乎没有出现界面剪切失效情况。根据结构载荷位移曲线和失效单元数目变化情况,导流罩承载时的Tsai-Wu失效因子作为复合材料导管导流罩的强度校核指标具有理论和实际意义。     

复合材料层合板螺栓连接接头极限强度分析

对基于不同渐进失效准则计算复合材料层合板螺栓连接接头极限承载力的高精度预报方法展开研究。基于Abaqus有限元软件,采用USDFLD子程序对接头进行渐进失效分析。分别采用最大应力准则、蔡-希尔失效判据、霍夫曼失效准则、蔡-吴失效准则、哈辛失效准则等5种失效准则进行数值计算。建立不同的场变量描述纤维、基体、界面的损伤状态,研究复合材料层合板螺栓连接接头在拉伸载荷作用下的损伤发展过程。研究表明,基于这5种失效准则计算的有限元仿真结果均与试验值较为接近,其中采用纤维失效和基体失效分开考虑的哈辛失效准则计算的复合材料层合板螺栓连接接头的极限强度与试验结果的准确度吻合最好,较适用于复合材料螺栓连接结构的有限元仿真。     

Analysis of the accident of the MVNakhodka. Part 2. Estimation of structural strength

In the early morning of January 2, 1997, a Russian tanker, the MVNakhodka, broke in two in the Sea of Japan. The fore part of the vessel drifted and was stranded on the coast of Japan, and the aft part sank. The coast of Japan was seriously polluted by spilled heavy oil. Following this disaster, the Japanese Government established a Committee for the Investigation of the Causes of the Casualty of theNakhodka. This paper deals with the structural strength of MVNakhodka at the time of the accident. First the structural characteristics of theNakhodka are described, and the reduction in thickness of the structural members are estimated based on the data measured on the fore part of the vessel which drifted ashose. Then the ultimate longitudinal strength of the hull girder at the time of the accident is evaluated by applying Smith's method, and the possibility of break-up collapse due to excess loads is discussed. The mechanism of fracture at the bottom plate is also discussed based on the observed fracture surfuce of the cross section. Finally an FEM (finite element method) simulation of the break-up of the hull girder is performed. It is shown that buckling/plastic collapse took place at the deck plate near Fr.153, which was followed by the successive buckling collapse of the side shell plate of the hull girder. Right after the collapse of the deck structure, the bottom plate fractured just in front of the transverse bulkhead at Fr.153. This article is based on an article that appeared in Japanese in the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 183 (1998).     

《建筑制图》课程项目教学法的研究与实践

以广州航海学院2013级室内设计专业为例,探讨在《建筑制图》课程中采用项目教学法,让学生在完成项目中学习专业知识,提高学生学习兴趣,培养学生职业素养,为后续专业课程的学习打下良好基础.这既是一种有益的探索,也是提高教学质量和教学效果的有效途径.     

航海英语中的主位推进模式

主述位理论有助于研究语篇的衔接和意义的连贯．本文基于主述位理论，总结航海英语语篇中的4种主位推进模式，分析主位结构和主位推进模式，揭示其在语篇中的功用．     

逐步破坏法破损油船剩余强度研究

基于IACS共同规范研制了逐步破坏法计算完整油船极限强度和破损剩余强度的程序.考虑了船体发生搁浅碰撞后,其剩余有效剖面是非对称的,船体还可能发生不同程度倾斜的实际情况,计算了双壳油船在不同破损情况下破损船体的剩余强度,并给出了实例及结果分析.     

A two-step approach to progressive collapse analysis of building structures under blast loading

Structural collapse under blast loads is a very complex process. For several decades, the engineering profession has considered some approaches to analyze the essential physics of collapse phenomena. Recently, the interest in this topic has risen to an apex since the collapse of the World Trade Center towers. A two-step analysis approach to capture the characteristics of structural collapse during explosions is proposed. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the performance of the presented approach.