中国交通工程面临的挑战

在为上海市政府编写了交通白皮书初稿的4年之后,ColinBuchanan公司又受邀为已出版的白皮书的修改提供建议,以解决交通拥堵问题和确定不同交通方式应起的作用.建议提出应发展比导致拥堵的小汽车和出租汽车更好的交通方式,然后鼓励大众使用它们.依据在上海工作的经历,对中国交通工程面临的部分问题进行了阐述.     

石家庄市主城区公共交通发展对策分析

公共交通与其他交通方式相比,具有人均占用道路资源少、高效、节能等优点,已成为世界各国政府优先扶植发展的对象,当今我国城市正面临着机动化和城市化的双重挑战,长期大力发展公共交通同样具有十分重要的意义.     

我国电子政务建设发展浅析

随着信息化时代的来临,以网络为核心的信息技术在人类的发展进程中正起着越来越重要的作用。毋庸质疑,电子政务已成为我国政府改革创新的基本方向,更是带动社会信息化快速发展的根本力量。因此,电子政务的推广和应用成为不可逆转的发展趋势,这为新世纪政府组织的管理变革带来了重大的机遇和挑战。本文从电子政务的相关概念、我国电子政务建设的意义、借鉴国外电子政务建设的成功经验、我国电子政务的建设情况、我国具有代表性的电子政务创新实践、我国电子政务建设持续发展需要关注的主要问题等不同视角,较深入地分析了我国电子政务建设发展中的若干问题,在理论和实践方面提出了自己的认真思考。     

Integrated optimization of bus priority operations in connected vehicle environment

Most previous works associated with transit signal priority merely focus on the optimization of signal timings, ignoring both bus speed and dwell time at bus stops. This paper presents a novel approach to optimize the holding time at bus stops, signal timings, and bus speed to provide priority to buses at isolated intersections. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the weighted average vehicle delays of the intersection, which includes both bus delay and impact on nearby intersection traffic, ensuring that buses clear these intersections without being stopped by a red light. A set of formulations are developed to explicitly capture the interaction between bus speed, bus holding time, and transit priority signal timings. Experimental analysis is used to show that the proposed model has minimal negative impacts on general traffic and outperforms the no priority, signal priority only, and signal priority with holding control strategies (no bus speed adjustment) in terms of reducing average bus delays and stops. A sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the potential of the proposed approach to be applied to bus priority control systems in real‐time under different traffic demands, bus stop locations, and maximum speed limits. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of bus service satisfaction on university students' mode choice

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bus service satisfaction and the transport mode of choice among university students in Qatar. The degree of bus service satisfaction was collected directly from questionnaire surveys, in which university students were asked questions in relation to their satisfaction with the bus service they used and their transport mode of choice. These questions were categorized into three factors according to confirmatory factor analysis: service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of drivers. Furthermore, the students were asked which mode of transport they used given the choice between public and private transport. This study presents a structural equation model to determine how much bus service satisfaction affects people's decisions about their transport mode. The results from the analysis showed that three key factors—namely, service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of bus drivers—were strongly correlated to the mode of choice. In particular, the bus stop was strongly associated with ease of use, shade, cleanliness, safety, and crowdedness level, while the bus itself influenced reliability, travel time, and frequency. Complying with traffic laws and the driver's attitude were also important contributors to the level of bus service satisfaction. Ultimately, this study will be beneficial for policy/decision‐makers. It will allow them to determine what needs to be accomplished to encourage people to use public transportation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北京市小汽车发展的外部效应分析

从公共经济学角度,对北京市小汽车的发展进行了外部效应分析,指出了随着保用量的增长,对社会产生负外部效应,提出了矫正小汽车发展外部效应的措施建议,希望能够为有关政府部门制定决策提供理论借鉴。     

基于最大熵模型的客运枢纽换乘量分布预测研究

针对城市客运交通枢纽换乘量分布预测的问题,引入"四阶段法"中的出行分布预测原理,将枢纽处各种交通方式的客流影响范围近似看作出行分布预测中的交通小区,各交通方式之间的换乘量相应地看作交通小区之间的交通分布量。将重力先验概率式的最大熵模型应用于枢纽换乘量分布预测之中,构建换乘量分布预测的最大熵模型,并以枢纽内部各种交通方式的现状OD换乘量分布为基础,进行模型参数的标定和最大熵模型的求解,隐含考虑随机因素的影响,从宏观上描述换乘者的交通行为。该方法应用于北京市东直门客运交通枢纽的换乘量分布预测之中,效果良好,为进一步进行枢纽的功能布局及换乘组织等研究工作提供依据。     

城市客运交通合理结构的确定方法研究

合理的城市客运交通结构是解决城市交通问题的关键。从城市交通结构的选择原则和不同类型城市客运交通方式优先发展次序两方面,探讨实现城市客运交通结构合理化要解决的首要问题以及具体措施,对于满足城市各类交通需求,促进城市交通的综合治理、城市交通规划以及城市交通设施的基本建设均具有重要的指导意义。     

城市交通系统的公共政策研究

城市交通系统是一个复杂的动态系统,由它产生的城市交通问题具有普遍性、紧迫性和长期性。因此,要解决城市交通问题既要参考国内外经验,又要立足实际。只有循序渐进地不断修正城市交通政策,才能切实提高政府的执政能力,建立一个适应城市经济发展和满足市民实际需求的城市交通系统。     

城市客运交通合理结构的确定方法研究

合理的城市客运交通结构是解决城市交通问题的关键.从城市交通结构的选择原则和不同类型城市客运交通方式优先发展次序两方面,探讨实现城市客运交通结构合理化要解决的首要问题以及具体措施,对于满足城市各类交通需求,促进城市交通的综合治理、城市交通规划以及城市交通设施的基本建设均具有重要的指导意义.