Port privatization under Cournot vs. Bertrand competition: a third-market approach

By incorporating port competition into a third-market model consisting of two exporting firms and one importing country, we demonstrate the endogenous choice of port structures (i.e. privatization or public ownership) under either Bertrand or Cournot competition. In contrast to previous studies on port competition, we analyze the port strategy in view of all trading countries (i.e. importing country and exporting countries). We find that regardless of transport cost, the port ownership strategy alters according to exporting firm’s competition mode. Under Bertrand competition, the choice of port ownership structure depends on the degree of imperfect substitutability. However, under Cournot competition, all trading countries choose same ownership structures of each port. By comparing equilibrium of each competition mode, we show that welfare of exporting country under Cournot competition is higher than under Bertrand competition if goods are sufficiently substitutes. In contrast, importing country prefers Bertrand competition to Cournot competition when the competitive pressure is sufficiently high.     

对我国道路运输行业管理方针的探讨

面对我国道路运输业存在的诸多问题,指出了加强行业管理的重要性,并对道路运输业的经济本质进行了理论分析。尽管世界各国的道路运输行业都不具备自然垄断的形态,但文章仍然在我国首次提出了道路运输业属公用事业范畴的观点,这在一定程度上给出了我国道路运输业管制与放开争议的解决思路。根据我国道路运输行业所处的发展阶段和发展环境,提出了政府对道路运输行业的管理不仅不应消弱,相反应该大大加强的观点。对于竞争不完全的市场,政府的管制是至为必要的;仅强调开放运输市场只会增加竞争的无序和资源的浪费。文章认为今后相当时期对道路运输行业应实施适度管制的管理方针,而管制的重点在于运输市场的准入。     

道路运输承运人责任险制度安排的民法学与社会学分析

从民法的立法精神出发，以道路运输承运人责任保险制度的颁布实施为研究对象，通过理论分析提出承运人责任险制度安排虽然是一种合同行为，体现了民事法律关系与法律救济原则，但其已突破了传统民法的“意思自治”私法范畴，折射了国家干预和“私法的公法化”的法理本质。同时以社会学的视野来看，承运人责任险险种从制度上化解了社会矛盾，维护了社会稳定，体现了风险规避与社会和谐意义。     

论地下公共工程防汛影响论证的必要性

该文通过地下公共工程的现状和发展趋势、地下公共工程的特殊性、“麦莎”台风期间上海市地下公共工程进水积水情况分析等,论述了进行地下公共工程防汛影响专项论证的必要性。     

一体化的多模式公交票务系统

公共交通服务是整个城市服务体系中的一个重要组成部分,是城市交通可持续发展的一个重要环节。人们在城市内使用公共交通出行,需要有一个高效、便捷、舒适、经济的公共交通体系。在公共交通基础设施的建设之外,特别是在从制造业已经发展到了运营管理和服务理念等方面的背景下,公交票务系统也是一个相当重要的环节。该文借介绍法国克莱蒙地区多模式公交票务系统,在我国发展城市公共交通票务系统方面进行探讨。     

浅谈市政公用工程设计变更的监理

强调了市政公用工程设计变更监理工作的重要性,阐述了施工前、施工中加强事前控制和事中控制的方法,建议加强监理人员职业道德教育,建立完善监理工作各项管理制度,以提高监理效果,确保监理目标的实现。     

城乡公交一体化规划方法研究

实施城乡公交一体化是加速城镇化进程、全面建设小康社会的配套工程,是构建和谐城乡的重要基础设施。通过分析城乡公交一体化规划与普通城市公交和公路客运规划中的异同,论述了城乡公交一体化规划的几个关键问题以及实施公交一体化的效益,并对公交一体化实施过程中的体制问题提出对策。     

城市公共交通发展策略探讨

解决城市交通问题的重要途径就是发展公共交通,而合理规划城市公交方式和进行有效的管理是保证公交效率的重要环节。该文对城市合理选择公共交通方式、公交运营模式和ITS技术在公共交通中的应用等方面进行了分析,对现代化城市公共交通发展的策略进行了探讨。     

基于数据融合的公交客流规模测算方法

公交客流规模测算往往存在调查成本受限和准确度要求较高的矛盾.提出基于公交IC卡历史数据与人工补充调查数据的数据融合测算方法,以准确推算公交客流规模.首先根据公交线路的基本属性,采用聚类分析方法划分线路类型,从每一类中选择具有代表性的线路.基于IC卡数据分析公交客流时变特征,运用有序样本聚类Fisher算法将线路小时刷卡量进行聚类分析.划分刷卡量相似时段,进而采用优化方法确定调查抽样率,确定相应的调查车辆进行人工补充调查,最终经过数据融合计算获得公交客流规模.基于上海市某辖区IC卡数据进行案例分析,测算得到三类公交线路的日均客流量.     

Pushing the CZMA Envelope: California: The First State to Litigate the New Federal Law

As noted often by the former California Coastal Commission Executive Director Peter Douglas, the history of how the California coast was saved is a great repository of untold stories. Although the Commission has had a dramatic and tangible impact on California's coastal geography, the public is largely unaware of many of its early accomplishments. This article begins to chronicle the rich stories of California's coastal legacy by telling the story of how the Commission utilized the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) to prevent Southern Pacific Railroad from developing a seven-mile stretch of the Monterey Bay shoreline. In so doing, the Commission helped make possible the creation of the Monterey Peninsula Recreational Trail, a public bicycle and pedestrian path that has grown to sixteen miles in length and runs through the heart of John Steinbeck's world-famous Cannery Row. The controversy also was the subject of the first judicial challenge of a state's federal authority under the CZMA and precluded private commercial and residential development that would have dramatically altered the urban form of the Monterey Peninsula. It is important to tell the story as the Coastal Commission's role in this remarkable accomplishment has been almost completely overlooked.