城市轨道交通客运服务标准编制研究

城市轨道交通客运服务标准应主要针对乘客的需求而制定,是当前需要优先制定的服务业标准之一。通过对城市轨道交通客运服务及特性进行分析,结合国际相关服务标准以及我国现行的服务标准及标准化模式,提出了“以人为本”、系统性和与国际接轨的标准编制原则。乘客乘车是一个按时间顺序的活动过程,沿乘客乘车时间次序展开服务次序,是标准编制的重要技术方法。确定城市轨道交通客运服务内容是城市轨道交通客运服务标准编制的一项主要任务。在借鉴国外先进服务标准理念的基础上,通过轨道交通客运服务质量和从乘客实际需求出发来规范服务内容。最后,对乘客相应权益的规定做了说明。     

Optimal design of electric vehicle public charging system in an urban network for Greenhouse Gas Emission and cost minimization

In this paper, we address the optimization problem of allocation of Electric Vehicle (EV) public fast charging stations over an urban grid network. The objective is to minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) under multiple constraints including a limited agency budget, accessibility of charging stations in every possible charging request and charging demands during peak hours. Additionally, we address bi-criteria problems to consider user costs as the second objective. A convex parsimonious model that depends on relatively few assumptions and input parameters is proposed and it is shown to be useful for obtaining conceptual insights for high-level planning. In a parametric study using a hypothetical urban network model generated based on realistic parameters, we show that GHG emissions decrease with agency budget, and that the reductions vary depending on multiple factors related to EV market and EV technologies. The optimal solutions found from the bi-criteria problems are shown to be close to the solution minimizing GHG emissions only, meaning that the emission minimizing policy can also minimize user costs.     

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同时考虑社会利益和个人利益，选取公交系统(包括常规公交和出租车)出行者占用道路总面积、广义出行费用、拥挤度为指标建立多目标函数模型，求得出租车出行占公交系统出行的比例，根据公交系统出行总比例最终确定全方式出行结构中出租车出行方式分担率．实例分析证明该方法所需数据量少、可操作性强，宏观政策及其微观影响在预测过程中互为反馈，该方法既可用于确定出租车出行方式分担率，又可为交通政策决策者提供理论依据．     

全面落实优先发展公共交通战略促进城市科学发展和社会和谐

优先发展城市公共交通是实现国家能源战略的必然要求,是实施国家环境保护基本国策的重要内容,是集约节约用地的有效措施,是中国特色城镇化道路的应有内涵.优先发展城市公共交通是时代赋予地方政府和各级建设部门的历史重任.要发挥城市规划的调控作用,制定和落实促进公共交通优先发展的经济政策,积极稳妥地推进城市公共交通行业改革,切实抓好出租汽车的稳定工作,进一步落实地方政府和各级建设部门的责任.同时,充分发挥企业特别是骨干企业在实施优先发展公共交通战略中的作用.实施优先发展公共交通战略的关键是抓好各项政策措施的落实.建设部将积极推动公共交通法制建设,把优先发展公共交通纳入规范化、法制化轨道.     

GPS技术在创新车辆管理中的应用

大庆市作为矿区城市,市区建设特点决定了公交车发车点多、线长,始发站较分散,管理成本高、难度大的现状。分析智能公交系统功能、结构、构架,论述应用GPS可实现油料的科学管理、车厢乘客出行发布及IC卡分段收费,最终得出GPS管理能实现良好的社会和经济效益的结论。     

基于GPS的公交运营动态调度策略研究

本文从智能公交系统入手,介绍了GPS在智能公交系统中的应用,提出了将GPS车辆定位技术应用到公交运营的实时信息采集中,对公交车辆运行状况和运营服务水平进行实时监督,提高公交服务水平和公交运行稳定性.针对车辆“早点”与“晚点”的动态调度控制策略,对车辆运行过程进行实时调度控制,并建立动态控制的一个较为实用的模型.     

The planning and analysis of a new group rapid transit system: the SkyCabs monobeam system in Auckland

This paper examines a case study of the SkyCabs system as a way to alleviate some of the traffic problems of Auckland, New Zealand. SkyCabs is an elevated two-way monobeam carrying light eight-seater cabs on tracks on each side of the beam, available on demand, providing fast, pollution-free, unimpeded travel above the footpath with panoramic views of the city. The aim of this study is to investigate the attractiveness of implementing the SkyCabs system to and from Auckland central business district (CBD) and Auckland international airport by examining four variables: different routes, different number of stops/stations, different passenger demand levels, and different number of cabs in the system. The analysis utilizes geographical information system and simulation tools for the various scenarios considered. The results show that it is possible to assess the cost–benefit of alternative routes in terms of those four variables and rate of return on investment.     

Optimal stop spacing and headway of congested transit system considering realistic wait times

Abstract

This paper revisits the classical transit scheduling problem and investigates the relationship between stop spacing and headway, considering realistic wait time and operable transit capacity. Headway and stop spacing are important determinants for planning a transit system, which influence the service level as well as the cost of operation. A mathematical model is developed, and the objective function is user travel time which is minimized by the optimized stop spacing and headway, subject to the constraints of operable fleet size and route capacity. Optimal stop spacing and headway solutions are obtained in a numerical example. Sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the effect of model parameters on user travel time is explored.     

论地下公共工程防汛影响论证的必要性

该文通过地下公共工程的现状和发展趋势、地下公共工程的特殊性、“麦莎”台风期间上海市地下公共工程进水积水情况分析等,论述了进行地下公共工程防汛影响专项论证的必要性。     

公共自行车与城市轨道交通衔接研究

提出利用公共自行车系统与城市轨道交通系统有效衔接,解决城市轨道交通"最后一公里"的问题;分析城市轨道交通与公共自行车的关系;将轨道交通车站所在区域分为城市外围居住区、城市公共中心区、交通换乘枢纽区3类,分析各类型车站区域公共交通需求特点;最后提出改善公共交通与轨道交通衔接的措施。