电渗法处治过湿土路基填料现场模型试验

电渗法处治过湿土路基填料是一项土工新技术。通过河北省大广高速公路京衡段电渗法处治过湿土现场模型试验,揭示过湿土现场含水量、电流密度和温度随电渗法处治时间而变化的规律,得出施工可行性结论,可为电渗技术在路基中的应用奠定基础。     

C15H13N2S2生物活性分子的光谱与热力学性质

为了获得N-苯亚甲基-4-[(2-氰基亚胺基-1,3噻唑烷-3-基)甲基]-噻唑-2-胺(C15H13N2S2)生物活性分子的光谱数据和不同温度下的热力学性质,使用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,进行几何构型优化和频率计算,使用含时密度泛函理论的DT-B3LYP方法,计算该分子在气相和不同溶剂中的电子吸收光谱.结果表明,优化得到的最稳定结构与实验晶体结构一致;气相中吸收峰出现在近紫外区370 nm处,溶剂几乎不影响跃迁性质,但吸收强度明显增大;标准摩尔熵与温度线性正相关,相关系数为0.999 05.     

基于广义自洽理论的岩石统计损伤模型研究

为考虑岩石内微裂纹间相互作用对岩石损伤的影响,基于广义自洽理论研究岩石材料的损伤效应,建立了反映荷载作用下的岩石微裂纹发展变化损伤本构模型;采用概率统计理论,对岩石损伤模型中微裂纹密度演变过程进行探讨;以模式分层优化算法反分析确定模型参数,并结合工程实例对岩石微裂纹统计损伤模型及参数确定方法进行了验证。研究结果表明,基于广义自洽理论的岩石微裂纹统计损伤本构模型能够反应岩石内微裂纹间的相互影响的工程实际,模式分层优化算法确定的模型参数真实可信,在工程应用中具有一定适用价值。     

集装箱港区排队缓冲区交通设计研究

通过分析研究国内外集装箱港区排队缓冲区形式,提出了排队缓冲区分类方法以及功能组成结构,并在大型车辆外廓尺寸和转弯半径研究基础上,创新性地对减速换道功能区、临时等候功能区和排队检查功能区的交通设计内容及方法展开研究。     

A shockwave profile model for traffic flow on congested urban arterials

In this paper a new traffic flow model for congested arterial networks, named shockwave profile model (SPM), is presented. Taking advantage of the fact that traffic states within a congested link can be simplified as free-flow, saturated, and jammed conditions, SPM simulates traffic dynamics by analytically deriving the trajectories of four major shockwaves: queuing, discharge, departure, and compression waves. Unlike conventional macroscopic models, in which space is often discretized into small cells for numerical solutions, SPM treats each homogeneous road segment with constant capacity as a section; and the queuing dynamics within each section are described by tracing the shockwave fronts. SPM is particularly suitable for simulating traffic flow on congested signalized arterials especially with queue spillover problems, where the steady-state periodic pattern of queue build-up and dissipation process may break down. Depending on when and where spillover occurs along a signalized arterial, a large number of queuing patterns may be possible. Therefore it becomes difficult to apply the conventional approach directly to track shockwave fronts. To overcome this difficulty, a novel approach is proposed as part of the SPM, in which queue spillover is treated as either extending a red phase or creating new smaller cycles, so that the analytical solutions for tracing the shockwave fronts can be easily applied. Since only the essential features of arterial traffic flow, i.e., queue build-up and dissipation, are considered, SPM significantly reduces the computational load and improves the numerical efficiency. We further validated SPM using real-world traffic signal data collected from a major arterial in the Twin Cities. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. We expect that in the future this model can be applied in a number of real-time applications such as arterial performance prediction and signal optimization.     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

无核密度仪在沥青路面离析无损检测中的应用

介绍了无核密度仪的测试原理,针对Superpave-25型沥青混合料,对无核密度仪基于不同测定样本容量的标定方法进行了比较分析,证明了提高测定样本容量标定的无核密度仪用于Superpave-25型沥青混凝土面层密度测定是可行和可靠的。同时,基于密度差的离析判别标准,采用无核密度仪评价沥青混凝土路面内部施工离析,并提出了控制施工离析的建议措施。     

Airline network choice and market coverage under high-speed rail competition

While the existing literature has focused on the short-term impacts, this paper investigates the long-term impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) competition on airlines. An analytical model is developed to study how an airline may change its network and market coverage when facing HSR competition on trunk routes. We show that prior to HSR competition, an airline is more likely to adopt a fully-connected network and cover fewer fringe markets if the trunk market is large. Under HSR competition, the airline will, for a given network structure, have a greater incentive to cover more fringe (regional or foreign) markets if the trunk market is large, or the airline network is close to hub-and-spoke. Further, the airline will, for any given market coverage, move towards a hub-and-spoke network when the trunk market is large, or the number of fringe markets covered by the airline network is large. Both effects are more prominent when the decreasing rate of airline density economies is large. We further show that HSR competition can induce the airline to adopt network structure and market coverage that are closer to the socially optimal ones, thereby suggesting a new source of welfare gain from HSR based on its long-term impacts on airlines. Implications for operators, policy makers and specific countries (such as China) are also discussed.     

基于虚拟试验场的强化路面建模方法研究

虚拟试验场是依据某汽车试验场建立的,可用于在仿真环境下对车辆进行路试试验。虚拟试验场的路面建模需要保证具有实际路面特性,文章针对虚拟试验场建立中强化路面的建立问题进行研究,提出一种方法,可以准确的建立虚拟试验场的强化路面。利用双轨路面计测量强化路面的不平度,对测试数据进行分析处理,保证测量结果的准确性,应用试验场规则路面的详细尺寸信息建立模拟路面。对于规则强化路面,应用实际尺寸和技术规范等信息建立,对于不规则强化路面,利用实际测量的路面不平度,通过功率谱估计、路面等级分析、路面不平度数字化等建立模拟路面。通过相关性分析,保证所建立的模拟路面的准确性和可信性。