Shockwave-based queue estimation approach for undersaturated and oversaturated signalized intersections using multi-source detection data

With the progress of information and sensing technologies, estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections becomes feasible and has attracted considerable attention. The existing studies provided a solid theoretical foundation for the estimation; however, the studies have some restrictions or limitations more or less. This paper presents a new methodology for estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections using multi-source detection data under both undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. The methodology applies the shockwave theory to model queue dynamics. Using data from probe vehicles and point detectors, analytical formulations for calculating the maximum and minimum (residual) queue lengths of each cycle are developed. Ground truth data were collected from numerical experiments conducted at two intersections in Shanghai, China, to verify the proposed methodology. It is found that the methodology has mean absolute percentage errors of 17.09% and 12.28%, respectively, for maximum queue length estimation in two tests, which are reasonably effective. However, the methodology is unsatisfactory in estimating the residual queue length. Other limitations of the proposed models and algorithms are also discussed in the paper.     

某越野汽车制动管断裂原因探究

针对某越野车制动管经常断裂的故障，采用自功率谱密度、模态试验和数据统计方法，分析了影响制动管断裂的主要因素。认为从分动箱到前桥传动轴二阶振动是引起制动管断裂的关键因素。针对该因素介绍和讨论了几个有效的、快速和实用的解决方案：将前桥不等速十字轴式刚性万向节，更换为球笼式等速万向节；将与制动卡钳相连的制动钢管更换为一小段低膨胀、耐高压的软管。针对制动管断裂的原因，改变该车在石块路上进行可靠性试验考核制动管的试验规范，用高速行驶试验来考核制动管的可靠性。     

关联效应对CaCuO2的电荷与自旋密度分布的影响

采用杂化密度泛函方法和哈垂一福克方法对CaCuO2的电荷与自旋密度的分布进行了研究．CuO2层的电子结构具有明显的二维特征．电子间的关联效应使Cu离子的自旋极化被削弱的同时，增强了O离子的自旋极化效应．     

装配式梁桥横向协同工作性能度量指标的研究

为了表征运营期间装配式梁桥的横向协同工作性能,提出了一种间接度量指标——相邻预制梁间的应变相关系数;同时建立了装配式梁桥的简化力学模型,通过推导建立了该指标的解析表达式。理论分析和数值仿真研究表明,在保证足够的样本长度条件下,交通流荷载趋向统计稳定,此时结构特性成为该度量指标的唯一影响因素,证明了该指标具备表征装配式梁桥横向协同工作性能的条件。     

Deconstructing development density: Quality, quantity and price effects on household non-work travel

Smart growth and transit-oriented development proponents advocate increasing the density of new land development and infill redevelopment. This is partly in order to reduce auto use, by reducing distances between trip origins and destinations, creating a more enjoyable walking environment, slowing down road travel, and increasing the market for transit. But research investigating how development density influences household travel has typically been inadequate to account for this complex set of hypotheses: it has used theoretically unjustified measures, has not accounted for spatial scale very well, and has not investigated potentially important combinations of measures. Using data from a survey of metropolitan households in California, measures of development density corresponding to the main hypotheses about how density affects travel—activity density affecting distance traveled, network load density affecting the speed of auto travel, and built form density affecting the quality of walking—are tested as independent variables in models of auto trip speed and individual non-work travel. Residential network load density is highly negatively correlated with the speed of driving, and is also highly correlated with non-work travel, both singly and in combination with other measures. Activity density and built form density are not as significantly related, on their own. These results suggest that denser development will not influence travel very much unless road level-of-service standards and parking requirements are reduced or eliminated.     

路段平均行程时间估计方法

为了有效利用线圈检测数据,精确估计路段平均行程时间,提出了一种路段平均行程时间估计方法。将路段平均行程时间分为平均行驶时间、平均排队时间和平均通过路口时间三部分。考虑线圈埋设的特点,通过估计平均行驶速度得到平均行驶时间。用分段时齐Poisson过程描述车辆驶入路段过程和驶离过程,用Markov排队模型描述车辆排队过程,用生灭过程描述排队车辆数,得到车辆排队模型,计算了路段有、无初始排队的平均排队时间。基于选取与路口相关的饱和流率和平均车长,计算了平均通过路口时间。计算结果表明:平均行程时间估计值与实测值的误差小于12%,说明路段平均行程时间估计方法可行。     

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简单输入输出模型与冲击波分析是研究交通瓶颈问题的两种常用方法,本文着重分析两者的一致性。在数学推导中考虑到达需求与流出率的变化时,两者对于排队和延误的预测结果是一致的。在不同的交通和边界条件下,两者在拥堵形成至消散的任意时刻所得排队长度,拥堵时间等结果均是一致的。以往认为两种方法不一致的研究忽略了一些与背景交通密切相关的基本因素。实例分析说明正是这些基本因素使得这两种分析方法在不同流量－密度关系下都具有一致性。     

基于 M/G/1模型的停车场出口排队延误

通过对大型停车场高峰时段出口车辆行驶特性的调查研究,选取了车辆排队的出口车头时距以及出口服务时间两个指标。基于两个指标实测特性和 M/G/1排队模型的分析,计算了停车场出口理论平均排队时间。通过实测车辆平均排队时间,对理论模型计算的平均排队时间进行了修正。实例分析表明：排队时间修正模型能够准确地估计排队时间。提出了基于驾驶员容忍度的排队延误分级标准。     

沥青路面心样密度试验方法应用研究

通过对沥青路面上钻取的非干燥试件进行风干和烘干试验,计算不同试验条件下心样的毛体积相对密度和压实度。研究结果表明,风干12 h以后继续延长风干时间,对路面压实度的计算结果影响甚微,而在不需进行其他试验时,采用（60±5）℃烘箱烘干0.5-1.5 h后称其空中质量进行路面压实度评价是合适的,且有利于指导沥青路面的连续施工。     

适航水深测量技术介绍与探讨

随着航运业的日益发展 ,船舶大型化和港口深水化趋势越来越明显 ,淤泥质港口使用者及管理部门对采用适航水深的要求越来越强烈 ,而要想利用适航水深 ,首先必须解决适航水深测量技术问题。文中对适航水深测量技术进行了介绍及分类 ,并对各种方法进行了比较