东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道主要工程地质问题研究

东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道下穿东江,为极高风险隧道。采用地质调绘、钻探、一孔多用(数字式全景钻孔摄像、声波测井)、水文地质试验、土工试验等综合勘察方法,运用岩体完整性系数定量分析岩体的完整性,采用水文地质试验测试含水层的渗透系数,利用裘布依理论公式定量计算隧道涌水量,采用室内试验测试软土力学指标,利用岩石抗压试验定量计算泥岩和泥质粉砂岩的软化系数。依据上述测试成果,研究了东江隧道突涌水、软土大变形、软岩变形、流砂、基坑开挖引发周边地面及建筑物变形、惠州断裂等主要工程地质问题,提出了相应的防治措施建议。研究结论为:东江隧道主要工程地质问题突出,但是可以采取相应的工程措施进行处理。     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

Semi-submersible wind turbine hull shape design for a favorable system response behavior

Floating offshore wind turbines are a novel technology, which has reached, with the first wind farm in operation, an advanced state of development. The question of how floating wind systems can be optimized to operate smoothly in harsh wind and wave conditions is the subject of the present work. An integrated optimization was conducted, where the hull shape of a semi-submersible, as well as the wind turbine controller were varied with the goal of finding a cost-efficient design, which does not respond to wind and wave excitations, resulting in small structural fatigue and extreme loads.The optimum design was found to have a remarkably low tower-base fatigue load response and small rotor fore-aft amplitudes. Further investigations showed that the reason for the good dynamic behavior is a particularly favorable response to first-order wave loads: The floating wind turbine rotates in pitch-direction about a point close to the rotor hub and the rotor fore-aft motion is almost unaffected by the wave excitation. As a result, the power production and the blade loads are not influenced by the waves. A comparable effect was so far known for Tension Leg Platforms but not for semi-submersible wind turbines. The methodology builds on a low-order simulation model, coupled to a parametric panel code model, a detailed viscous drag model and an individually tuned blade pitch controller. The results are confirmed by the higher-fidelity model FAST. A new indicator to express the optimal behavior through a single design criterion has been developed.     

交─直─交传动机车机械部分的设计特点

交－直－交传动技术应用于机车动车具有明显的优点，７０年代以来被世界各国铁路广泛采用，已形成一种趋势．本文简要地叙述其优势，并就减轻机车重量、高粘着、高动力学性能和改善通风等机械部分的设计特点作了介绍．     

江苏如东附近海域泥沙运动遥感分析

利用计算机图像处理技术、Landsat 5卫星影像资料和实测含沙量资料,对江苏如东附近海域表层悬沙分布及泥沙运动进行了分析,得出辐射沙洲分布海区悬沙分布和运移的一些规律,以更为直观的方式体现出潮流为该海区泥沙运动主导因素的特点。     

利用涌水的公路隧道消防供水系统

隧道涌水是施工、运营中引人关注的问题,文章以福建漳诏高速公路鼓志山隧道为例,介绍了利用隧道涌水取代深井系统取水、以高位水池重力流取代全自动加压供水的消防供水系统。     

摆式客车自导向径向转向架小半径曲线通过性能仿真研究

通过仿真软件SIMPACK建立装用自导向径向转向架的摆式客车模型,介绍了模型建立的方法,与常规转向架对比分析300 m小半径曲线通过的动力学性能。分析表明,自导向转向架在轮对冲角、轮轨横向力、磨耗指数和脱轨系数上,无论是最大值还是变化幅度都比常规转向架要低很多,自导向转向架运用于摆式客车小半径曲线通过依然具有良好的效果。     

转K7型转向架轮对径向装置结构刚度研究

为分析转K7型转向架轮对径向装置适应产品制造误差与线路扭曲不平顺的能力以及控制轮对水平运动的能力,对其整体结构及主要组成部件———副构架和连接杆的各向刚度进行了理论研究。计算结果表明:轮对径向装置适应产品制造误差和线路扭曲不平顺的能力均较强,并可为转向架提供足够的剪切刚度;副构架和连接杆具有良好的结构振动特性,能够保证轮对径向装置有效发挥控制轮对水平运动的作用。     

径向转向架在城市轨道交通领域的发展——日本地铁新型半迫导向径向转向架技术

介绍径向转向架在城市轨道交通中的发展,阐述了不同转向架通过小半径曲线的导向机理。重点介绍了日本东京地铁最新研制、采用的半迫导型径向转向架及其模拟试验、现车对比试验、噪声监测试验与评估。其新型转向架在降低轮轨磨耗量、降低车内噪声等方面效果明显。     

长大铁路隧道水文地质勘察中存在的主要问题

由于勘察阶段勘探和试验工作受限或不够完善,影响到隧道涌水量预测的各主要因素难以准确确定,从而导致隧道设计预测涌水量不准确,施工中突、涌水灾害时有发生,进而严重地影响了隧道施工进度及安全。以部分已施工隧道为例,对施工阶段出现的问题与勘察阶段勘探和试验中各项工作完成的质量进行详细对照分析,找出目前长大隧道水文地质勘察中存在的主要问题,有助于今后有效进行隧道水文地质勘察,提高隧道涌水量预测的准确性,避免出现施工阶段的补充勘察及二次设计。