Japanese perspective of driver information systems

A perspective view of of Japanese R&D activities of Driver Information Systems is given from the standpoint of developing joint projects by public and private sectors. First, a brief history of the R&D activities is illustrated from above mentioned standpoint. Then, two major projects, AMTICS and RACS, and the social backgrounds of these projects are explained. In order to give a clear idea of both projects some technical details are treated.Based on the history and the present status of the developments, the basic design conceptions of Japanese Driver Information Systems are explained and several factors or reasons which have influenced to the design conception are discussed. Then, the promoting systems of the R&D activities are generally explained and present status of the projects and future problems in developing more advanced systems are also handled. A brief discussion on the establishment of international standard is also mentioned as a final comment.     

Using longitudinal methods for analysis of a short-term transportation demonstration project

This paper documents an application of panel, or longitudinal data collection in the evaluation of a TSM (Transportation Systems Management) demonstration project. The project was a four-week demonstration of staggered work hours in downtown Honolulu during February–March 1988. The 4 wave panel survey elicited commuting experiences of approximately 2,000 downtown employees at two week intervals before and during the project. The sample involved both employees who participated in the project by shifting their work hours, and those who did not. The panel survey was augmented by floating-car observations of travel times on major routes into downtown Honolulu on the same four dates.The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether employee commute times were affected, and if so, how these changes were distributed among various employee segments. Two methods were used. First, travel time changes were estimated using paired t-tests. Second, regression equations were used to estimate project time savings as a function of trip length, route, and location of residence. Results show that travel time savings due to the project were typically small, less than ten percent. Nonparticipants experienced greater savings than participants, and some segments of participants experienced longer travel times during the project. The panel method proved to be an effective way to measure project travel time impacts and shows that the method is appropriate in short time applications.Presented at the Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, January 7–11. 1990, Washington, D.C.     

铁路钢桁梁桥状态评估

以京广上行线洣河大桥为例介绍铁路钢桁梁桥的状态评估方法,为维修加固和更新改造提供依据。     

宜万铁路宜昌长江大桥主桥创新技术研究

宜万铁路宜昌长江大桥主桥采用(130 2×275 130)m连续刚构柔性拱组合结构,桥型方案为铁路桥梁首次采用,设计中针对结构构造、受力、施工等特点,采用了多项技术创新,包括桥梁结构、构造和材料等方面。     

JQ900型下导梁架桥机方案研究

介绍JQ900型下导梁架桥机工作原理、主要技术参数、性能及各项施工方案。     

铁路客运专线相关技术研究

铁路客运专线技术新,标准高,工程庞大,系统复杂。经研究和论证,提出客运专线建设总体技术路线,分析了铁路客运专线在速度目标值、线路平纵段面、路基工程、桥梁工程、隧道工程、轨道工程、站场等方面的主要技术特点,并围绕无砟轨道和高速道岔设计理论等方面的关键技术开展研究。通过采用CFG桩、预应力管桩等设计和工程措施,控制路基沉降,建立路基沉降变形精测系统网,定期观测与评估。对桥梁基础沉降与梁的徐变,采取基础沉降控制、预应力混凝土梁徐变变形控制和区域沉降地区的桥梁沉降控制等措施。隧道施工采用台阶法、交叉中隔壁法和双侧壁导坑法,衬砌采用复合式衬砌或整体式衬砌。     

基于模糊因素的铁路旅客满意度的综合评价

从铁路旅客运输自身特性及旅客满意度评价特性两方面出发,通过分析铁路旅客满意度的影响因素,确定评估旅客满意度的评价指标体系。并采用模糊综合评价方法,建立了铁路旅客满意度模糊综合评价模型,结合铁路旅客问卷调查结果,对目前铁路旅客满意度水平进行了综合评价,从而为提高和改进铁路运输服务质量和服务水平、提高铁路运输的综合竞争力提供参考依据。     

Aggregate expenditure elasticity for transport and communication in Australia

For the purpose of estimating Engel elasticity, one needs to find the best functional form among various alternatives. In this paper, a new function, which is called the double semi-log Engel function turns out to be the best functional form for the transport and communication items in Australia on the basis of the distance function (D²) criterion, and the non-nested hypothesis testing procedure. This function is then used to estimate total expenditure elasticity, and the percentage change in consumer demand due to changes in total expenditure and total expenditure inequalities; using the 1975–76 Household Expenditure Survey data. The results of the analyses demonstrate that transport and communication is a necessary item in Australia on the basis of two criteria, viz., its elasticity is not significantly greater than unity, and the percentage change in demand increases with a decrease of the total expenditure inequality [emphasised by Iyengar (I960)]. Policy implication of the analyses has also been discussed.     

信号“三改四”工程换装开通的3种模式

铁路区间信号由"三显示"改造成"四显示"自动闭塞(ZPW-2000A),在施工拆旧换装新设备过程中,怎样做到换装安全正点,必须要有一套相对科学的换装开通方案.本文提出了3种区间自动闭塞信号"三改四"工程换装开通的方案,并在实践中取得了良好的效果.     

天津市雨洪水资源化利用的探讨和研究

根据天津市水资源现状及雨洪水调度的优势 ,提出天津市各河系雨洪水调度方案及其成果显示