钢筋混凝土框架结构震后快速鉴定方法

提出一种震后框架结构安全性快速评估的方法.该方法在分析框架结构常见震害的基础上,对地震中构件的破坏程度提出了定量和定性的判断标准;利用模糊数学方法对各类构件进行安全等级评价,形成隶属度判断矩阵;采用层次分析法对各类构件、结构层进行权重评价;依据等级隶属度判断矩阵和各类构件、结构层的权重进行综合分析,得出整体结构的安全性评价.该方法简单易行,层次清晰,鉴定结果较为真实准确.依据该方法,可编制计算软件,使鉴定工作程序化,有效消减鉴定工作量,为震后紧急情况下应急救援政策的制定、救灾措施的实施和开展提供依据.     

快速公交车站设计探析——以杭州、常州快速公交设计为例

快速公交设计是个系统工程,其中车站设计部分是其中的关键要素。从宏观方面论述了路线及站点布置,在保证运营速度的情况下,论述了站间距设置的一般考虑范畴。从车站布设、车站功能和车站形式等方面简明介绍了车站设计的相关研究;并从客流角度入手,抓住快速公交的运营特征,把握车站的设计规模。并通过实践经验的总结提出了车站设计的相关技术标准。     

快速公交系统（BRT）规划模式分类研究

文章通过汇总已建的城市快速公交系统的数据,从投入成本和预期达到的客运量两方面因素入手,将快速公交规划模式分为库里提巴模式、波哥大模式、鲁昂模式及厦门模式,并对这四种模式的特征及具体内容进行了详细阐述,为城市快速公交系统规划提供理论依据。     

Estimating the bus user time benefits of implementing a median busway: Methodology and case study

This paper presents a general framework to estimate the bus user time benefits of a median busway including the effects on travel time and access time. Unlike previous models, we take into account the effects of geometry and the interaction with the demand structure. Models for predicting the bus in-vehicle time benefits of a median dual carriageway busway against mixed traffic condition on 2 and 3 lanes roads are estimated using data from a case study in Santiago (Chile), using a bus travel time model empirically estimated and considering different base case situations, including mixed traffic operations and bus lanes. Results of the application show that the expected in-vehicle time savings of a median busway might be reduced by access time losses due to increased walking distances and road crossing delays. Also, that net time benefits can vary significantly according to the base situation and the structure of demand considered. These findings point out to the need of including a wider set of impacts when studying the benefits of median busways, beyond in-vehicle time savings only. The empirical work presented here is completely based on passive data coming from GPS and smartcards, what makes easier and cheaper to conduct this type of analysis as well as to do it with a comprehensive scope at an early stage of the development of a BRT project. This framework can be extended to other types of dedicated bus lanes provided that a corresponding bus travel time savings model is available.     

A technical note on evaluating the effectiveness of bus rapid transit with transit signal priority

Transit Signal Priority (TSP) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are innovative Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) tools that can reduce travel times for buses. Combining TSP and BRT can significantly improve bus travel, but can negatively impact network traffic operations. Although TSP has been implemented worldwide, few previous studies holistically examined the effects of using various conditional and unconditional TSP strategies with or without a BRT system. This research simulates multiple TSP and BRT combination scenarios to understand their impact on traffic operations, including crossing street traffic. A test bed along International Drive (I-Drive) in Orlando, Florida, was chosen as the simulation area. Field data collected for this test bed, which included traffic volumes, bus travel times, and traffic signal control data, were used to develop, calibrate, and validate the simulation model. Results showed that BRT with Conditional TSP 3 minutes behind significantly improved travel times, average speed, and average total delay per vehicle for the main through movements compared with no BRT or TSP, with only minor effects on crossing street delays. BRT with Unconditional TSP resulted in significant crossing street delays, especially at major intersections with high traffic demand, indicating that this scenario is impractical for implementation. The simulation suggests that BRT and TSP will be most effective when used in areas where crossing street volumes are low. However, it is unknown how these ITS tools affect pedestrian traffic. Using optimization methods can determine the best strategy to balance transit and pedestrian traffic.     

厦门东通道海底隧道快速施工之浅见

本文从战略上分析了施工标段划分、工期安排和服务隧道优先快速施工对实现快速施工的影响;从战术上指出抓住超前地质预报、风化槽处理、防水通风等几项关键技术对实现快速施工的作用。     

“BRT主导型”TOD与城市空间有序发展

对我国城市空间发展趋势和实施公共交通导向开发（TOD）的情况进行分析,针对目前以轨道交通为主导的TOD模式存在的问题,提出在我国快速城市化背景下采用“BRT主导型”TOD模式更具有现实意义。并对不同城市规模和空间发展模式下“BRT主导型”TOD模式的适应性进行了分析。最后,以烟台市为实例,结合城市规划远景目标,提出以BRT为主导的城市TOD发展策略。     

岩爆隧道柔性支护快速施工技术

为探究适合硬岩隧道岩爆段的快速施工技术,通过对硬岩隧道整体自稳性及岩爆特点的分析,提出以柔性支护为基础、以岩爆预测、松动圈测试和柔性网试验为保证措施的一种快速施工技术。依托米仓山隧道岩爆段的施工,利用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据对不同埋深下岩爆强度进行预测,合理划分米仓山隧道岩爆强度区段,并结合松动圈测试、柔性网试验,对锚杆和钢丝绳网的参数进行研究与验证。实践表明： 1)采用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据可以较准确地进行岩爆预测及强度区域划分; 2)利用松动圈测试结果能大致判断隧道开挖后围岩破裂区域的深度; 3)相比传统支护技术,采用喷射混凝土+涨壳式预应力锚杆+柔性防护网的快速支护技术,每循环施工可节省用时约4 h,整个岩爆区段施工速度可提高30%~40%。     

遵义市子尹路南延线长距离双连拱隧道快速施工技术

为解决双连拱隧道独头掘进不能提前施工中隔墙进而导致正洞无法开挖的问题,子尹路南延线隧道工程提出"三导洞+联络通道"的施工方法,这在国内尚属首次提出和应用。介绍该工法的基本原理,详细阐述其在子尹路南延线隧道工程中的实施过程。得到的主要结论如下:1)通过设置联络通道及组织洞内多次交通转换,使得中隔墙得以提前施工,实现了快速施工;2)通过确定合理施工步序,采用拱架密排对联络通道处加固、加强监测等措施确保了施工过程的安全。     

高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统研制

为提高高速列车车轮优化设计过程中车轮强度评价的效率,开发了高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统.基于数据库的车轮设计参数,利用ANSYS二次开发技术在ANSYS环境中驱动车轮三维模型的自动重建,以期望的网格密度,完成车轮模型的网格划分,继而按照车轮强度评价标准规定的工况,自动生成相应的强度分析前处理模型.调用ANSYS求解器完成强度仿真分析,最后进行数据后处理得到评价结论.以某型动车组车轮为例,通过人工计算与本文自动计算的结果对比,验证所开发系统的可靠性.