Parametric study of the main parameters influencing the catalytic efficiency of a diesel oxidation catalyst: Parameters influencing the efficiency of a diesel catalyst

This work studies the impact of five parameters: CO and HC engine-out emissions, space velocity, average value and profile of exhaust temperature, on Diesel CO and HC tail-pipe emissions. The first part of this work is conducted on a reactor and shows that both HC and CO light-off temperature increases with CO and HC input concentration. CO and HC initial concentration influence the adsorption/desorption capacities of HC only at high temperatures. Space velocity also influences CO and HC conversion efficiency. The second part of this work studies the impact of different combinations of HC and CO engine-out emissions on CO and HC conversion and tail-pipe emissions in the case of New European Driving Cycle. This part proposes that a Diesel oxidation catalyst must be mainly studied at the Urban Part of NEDC, as the CO and HC conversions are very high at the extra-urban part of NEDC. CO and HC conversion efficiencies are also dependent on exhaust temperature and catalytic volume. In the case of two different profiles of exhaust temperature with the same average temperature, CO and HC conversion efficiency is lower in the case of the smoother profile.     

内河航道横流对船舶航行的影响

为了使船舶能安全通过航道内的横流区域,利用水槽进行遥控自航船模试验,提出了内河航道横流对船舶航行横漂速度、漂角、航迹带宽度和漂距影响的经验公式,分析了Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道横向流速的限值范围。分析结果表明:横流对船舶航行的影响程度主要与对岸航速成反比,与横流的大小及区域长度成正比,与船型大小(航道等级)成反比,同时与驾驶员的航行经验和初始船位有关;在限制航路航行方式过程中,Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道对岸航速为2、3、4m·s-1时,可克服的一个船长内横流限值为0.48、0.58、0.70m·s-1。     

铁道车辆液压减振器卸荷速度选取方法

为了精确选取铁道车辆各类液压减振器的卸荷速度,提出了一种选取卸荷速度的2σ方法。通过试验测试和动力学仿真计算,得到液压减振器两端的相对速度,并进行概率统计分析、参数估计和概率分布假设检验。在相对速度属正态分布的前提下,计算相对速度的2σ值,并作为减振器的卸荷速度。计算结果表明:通过该方法确定卸荷速度的液压减振器可使95%的车辆低频振动得到衰减,5%的高频振动得到过滤。     

一起交通事故的模拟分析

交通事故的模拟分析是一个复杂过程,要根据交通事故现场草图确定事故概况,根据两车的车损情况、道路状况、事故概况确定各种参数。通过建立模拟模型,采用事故模拟软件进行分析,反复进行模拟,直至两车行驶轨迹以及停定位置与事故现场草图基本吻合,得出车速鉴定的结论。     

Effect of handling characteristics on minimum time cornering with torque vectoring

In this paper, the effect of both passive and actively-modified vehicle handling characteristics on minimum time manoeuvring for vehicles with 4-wheel torque vectoring (TV) capability is studied. First, a baseline optimal TV strategy is sought, independent of any causal control law. An optimal control problem (OCP) is initially formulated considering 4 independent wheel torque inputs, together with the steering angle rate, as the control variables. Using this formulation, the performance benefit using TV against an electric drive train with a fixed torque distribution, is demonstrated. The sensitivity of TV-controlled manoeuvre time to the passive understeer gradient of the vehicle is then studied. A second formulation of the OCP is introduced where a closed-loop TV controller is incorporated into the system dynamics of the OCP. This formulation allows the effect of actively modifying a vehicle's handling characteristic via TV on its minimum time cornering performance of the vehicle to be assessed. In particular, the effect of the target understeer gradient as the key tuning parameter of the literature-standard steady-state linear single-track model yaw rate reference is analysed.     

论泥沙运动理论的流派及相互关系

泥沙运动理论种类繁多 ,众说纷纭 ,这给泥沙工作者带来了诸多不便。按各学者研究泥沙运动所引起的水流强度指标 ,对泥沙运动理论的流派地行了划分 ,分为力学派、运动学派和能量学派。在理论上 ,各学派均可表示成统一的形式 ,根本区别在于各学派对于阻力系数对泥沙运动影响上认识不一致。在运用上 ,除个别问题外 ,对各学派的优劣存在较大分歧 ,特别在预测输沙强度方面 ,虽说能量学派占有一定的优势 ,但仍有待进一步检验     

长江口水流运动特性分析

根据长江口ADCP实测断面水流资料,对长江口断面运动随时间变化情况进行了分析,结果表明,涨落潮流分离,落潮主流偏向右岸(南岸),涨潮主流偏向左岸(北岸),流速存在着明显的差异,低平潮和高平潮前后,在断面上有三个方向环流的产生。     

基于超声波检测技术的沥青混凝土探伤研究

尝试将超声波探伤技术应用于沥青混凝土材料．通过声速的检测可反映不同类型沥青混合料的相对强度;通过定义相应的损伤变量，把损伤与声速变化建立联系,试验结果表明：沥青混凝土损伤与超声波速降低之间具有较好的指数关系；采用超声波技术检测沥青混凝土裂缝深度，为定量评价路面早期损坏程度提供依据．     

导管螺旋桨内流场的LDV测量

为了探讨导管内流场,通过在导管壁上开窗口,使用LDV激光穿过窗口方案来测量导管螺旋桨的内流场.测量结果表明该方案测量导管内流场是可行的,并为导管内螺旋桨叶片的环量分布分析提供了条件.     

变频调速技术在铁路给水生产中的应用

借助水泵性能曲线,简单介绍了水泵变频调速技术原理,结合具体实际讲述了变频调速技术应用取得的经济效果、成功经验,分析在推广使用过程中发现的机组切换频繁、不能有效节能、不能有效保障安全运行问题的原因及其它不足,提出了今后技改和采用该技术需考虑和重视机组容量搭配、避免超范围调速等问题,建议在同等可靠性情况下采取变频泵相对固定的调速方式。