柔性基础下刚性桩复合地基的工作性状

采用数值方法,考虑复合地基、垫层和基础之间的共同作用,对柔性基础下刚性桩复合地基桩侧摩阻力、桩身轴向应力、桩端刺入变形等工作性状进行了研究;讨论了基础弹性模量、基础高度、基础宽度、桩体弹性模量、置换率、土体弹性模量等因素对复合地基工作性状的影响;最后通过归一化分析提出了可反映基础相对刚度的量纲一的参数K,并讨论了不同基础相对刚度下桩端上刺变形的变化趋势。结果表明:基础弹性模量并不是区分柔性基础与刚性基础的惟一指标,采用"基础相对刚度"的概念比仅考虑基础自身刚度的概念更具有合理性。     

四桥独立悬架车辆越障性能计算研究

通过建立四桥独立悬架车辆越障高度动力学模型,分析影响8×8全独立悬架车辆越障性能的主要参数。进行了实例计算与试验研究,模型计算值与试验值相一致。表明该模型能预测车辆越障高度,具有工程应用价值,且获得影响其性能的主要参数。     

大跨径悬索桥桁架加劲梁节段的安装研究

大跨径悬索桥桁架加劲梁节段拼装连接是主梁安装的关键工序,固结时机选择不好,会在加劲梁节点处产生较大次应力,降低结构安全储备,甚至影响桥梁的使用寿命,以湖北沪蓉西四渡河大桥为背景,研究加劲梁在4种不同固结方案状态下的受力特征,得到了加劲梁截面应力及各相邻加劲梁截面之间开口距离的变化规律,提出了加劲梁施工过程中的临时连接及永久固结的最佳时机。     

刘家峡大桥主缆空隙率及索夹抗滑移试验研究

刘家峡大桥主桥为单跨536 m 的桁式加劲梁双索面悬索桥,单根主缆采用44股127根φ5．2 mm 镀锌高强钢丝,设计空隙率在索夹处取18％,在索夹外取20％,主缆索夹由2个半圆形铸钢结构通过高强度螺栓上下对接紧箍在主缆上,接缝处嵌填橡胶防水条。索夹的抗滑移性能是影响悬索桥主缆正常使用的一个主要因素。为了解该桥索夹抗滑移性能是否满足设计要求,在大桥主缆架设完紧缆后,在主缆上同时安装制动索夹、试验索夹以及推力千斤顶,利用千斤顶模拟索夹下滑力,对计算确定的最不利索夹进行顶推试验,测试索夹抗滑移摩阻系数和索夹内、外部空隙率。试验结果表明：实测索夹抗滑移摩阻系数为0．213,大于设计要求的0．15,满足设计要求;实测索夹内、外部空隙率分别为17．6％、18．4％,满足设计要求。     

Multiobjective optimisation of bogie suspension to boost speed on curves

To improve safety and maximum admissible speed on different operational scenarios, multiobjective optimisation of bogie suspension components of a one-car railway vehicle model is considered. The vehicle model has 50 degrees of freedom and is developed in multibody dynamics software SIMPACK. Track shift force, running stability, and risk of derailment are selected as safety objective functions. The improved maximum admissible speeds of the vehicle on curves are determined based on the track plane accelerations up to 1.5?m/s². To attenuate the number of design parameters for optimisation and improve the computational efficiency, a global sensitivity analysis is accomplished using the multiplicative dimensional reduction method (M-DRM). A multistep optimisation routine based on genetic algorithm (GA) and MATLAB/SIMPACK co-simulation is executed at three levels. The bogie conventional secondary and primary suspension components are chosen as the design parameters in the first two steps, respectively. In the last step semi-active suspension is in focus. The input electrical current to magnetorheological yaw dampers is optimised to guarantee an appropriate safety level. Semi-active controllers are also applied and the respective effects on bogie dynamics are explored. The safety Pareto optimised results are compared with those associated with in-service values. The global sensitivity analysis and multistep approach significantly reduced the number of design parameters and improved the computational efficiency of the optimisation. Furthermore, using the optimised values of design parameters give the possibility to run the vehicle up to 13% faster on curves while a satisfactory safety level is guaranteed. The results obtained can be used in Pareto optimisation and active bogie suspension design problems.     

Rule-based control of a semi-active suspension for minimal sprung mass acceleration: design and measurement

In this paper, a rule-based controller is developed for the control of a semi-active suspension to achieve minimal vertical acceleration. The rules are derived from the results obtained with a model predictive controller. It is shown that a rule-based controller can be derived that mimics the results of the model predictive controller and minimises vertical acceleration. Besides this, measurements on a test vehicle show that the developed rule-based controller achieves a real-world reduction of the vertical acceleration, which is in agreement with the simulations.     

基于汽车悬架设计中的键合图法

简要地介绍了键合图基本原理,建立了汽车八自由度振动系统的键合图模型,推导出状态方程。应用现代控制论方法,指出了应用键合图理论对悬架参数进行优化的方便性与实用性。     

塔梁分离式悬索桥若干问题研究

本文以湘西矮寨大桥工程为背景,针对塔梁分离式悬索桥存在的塔梁分离区域刚度跳跃和变形不协调造成的该区域构件受力分配不合理问题,通过逐步减小吊跨比对塔梁分离式悬索桥结构的应力、变形及疲劳性能进行系统的研究,分析得出塔梁分离式极限无索区长度,进而提出改善无索区受力性能的措施.研究表明钢桁加劲梁下弦杆的疲劳性能对吊跨比的变化最为敏感,是控制无索区长度进一步增大的主要因素;而在无索区设置竖向或斜向辅助地锚索能够使其性能得到明显的改善.     

五峰山长江大桥上部结构施工控制技术

五峰山长江大桥主桥为主跨1 092m的钢桁梁公铁两用悬索桥,加劲梁采用板桁结合钢桁梁,主缆采用预制平行高强钢丝索股结构,直径1.3m。边跨加劲梁采用支架顶推法施工,中跨加劲梁采用缆载吊机由跨中向两侧对称架设,并在中跨侧靠近桥塔位置处合龙;主缆采用平行钢丝索股法架设。主缆制造时,采用无应力长度法计算各索股的无应力下料长度,并在主缆锚固区每处预留长度为±26cm的垫板空间;主缆架设时,采用4根索股作为基准索股进行架设线形控制,并将主缆长度误差控制在-18～30cm,均在误差控制范围内;加劲梁施工时,通过分析各因素对加劲梁线形的影响规律,提出控制二期恒载的措施;加劲梁合龙时,采取中跨钢梁不动、起顶边跨钢梁的合龙控制措施;在加劲梁合龙后加载二期恒载。加劲梁合龙后标高误差为-5～+63mm,线形控制较好。     

考虑斜拉索抗弯刚度的矮塔斜拉桥索导管安装角度修正方法

文中针对短斜拉索实际抗弯刚度较大的情况,推导了考虑斜拉索抗弯刚度的索导管安装角度计算公式,以方便地计算出拉索在重力作用下的两端倾角变化值,该推导公式表明,两端倾角变化值除了与斜拉索索力、自重集度、索长有关外,还与拉索自身弹性模量、截面特性等因素有关。通过将索导管修正角度计算式应用于阿蓬江特大桥中,比较计算了不同索导管安装角度结果计算的差异。