南沙龙穴造船基地水下大砂袋封涌施工

介绍南沙龙穴造船基地深水河涌水下大砂袋封截的施工经验。     

The association of the population recruitment of gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi River discharge

Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River.     

On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

江苏省沿江城市群城际轨道交通线网规划方案研究

城际轨道交通的规划建设是城市群发展的必然要求,江苏沿江城市群是我国城市化进程过程中重点发展的区域。根据沿江地区城市群的特征,把沿江地区城际轨道交通线网分为主骨架城际网和都市圈城际网两个层次进行规划,重点研究沿江地区都市圈内部中心城市之间以及中心城市与中小城市之间的城际轨道交通通勤线网。     

钱江隧道火灾疏散可靠性分析

为评估钱江隧道火灾疏散的可靠性,从而为钱江隧道逃生通道设置方案决策提供参考依据,基于改进的公路隧道需用安全疏散时间RSET计算法,采用Monte Carlo随机数值试验方法,针对钱江隧道的特点,对3种不同的逃生通道方案进行公路隧道火灾人群疏散随机性仿真模拟,从而可计算不同疏散逃生方案、不同人群疏散荷载下疏散的失效概率.通过对计算结果分析可得:不考虑隧道各项火灾控制与疏散的有利因素,可用安全疏散时间取规范值时,横通道疏散可靠性相对最高,纵横结合逃生方案次之.     

大型内河沉管隧道基础灌砂模型试验及效果检测技术研究

对某大型内河沉管隧道基础灌砂足尺模型试验进行详细阐述,应用冲击映像法、全波场无损检测法相结合的方式对试验模型中不同工况下灌砂前、灌砂过程中以及灌砂后的效果进行测试,对模型试验中不同工况下各项测试数据及结果进行系统分析,对沉管隧道基础灌砂工艺与灌砂效果进行评价。此外,介绍该大型内河沉管隧道基础灌砂效果现场监测内容及具体实施方法,基于先期施工各管段基础灌砂现场监测、潜水探摸及管段后续沉降监测结果,对大型内河沉管隧道基础灌砂效果现场检测及处理技术进行系统的研究。主要研究结论如下： 1）冲击映像法可以监测砂积盘的生成及发展过程,可以较准确地判断灌砂填充状况和快速检测混凝土底板下部灌砂填充状态,是沉管隧道基础灌砂效果评价的有力手段,是动态把握灌砂过程、实时追踪施工过程的砂液变化的有力手段。2）已施工管段现场沉降量观测结果显示,沉管隧道E1-E6各管段已灌砂基础的承载力均满足设计要求,证明冲击映像法可以作为沉管隧道基础灌砂检测评定方法。     

基于随机森林算法的内河船舶油耗预测模型

准确的船舶油耗预测模型是船舶实现各项航行优化措施的基础.以长江干线某旅游船为研究对象,通过安装信息采集系统获得了大量的船舶实时营运数据.通过理论分析得出影响船舶油耗的主要因素为风速、风向、水深、水流速度和船舶航速;改进了随机森林建模时参数的设置方法,提出一种变量的重要性测度方法;对去噪处理后数据进行系统抽样并进行归一化处理,得到建模的样本数据;把样本数据按0.7∶0.3的比例随机分为训练样本和测试样本,对训练样本采用随机森林(RF)算法建立油耗预测模型;通过模型预测测试样本的油耗值,与实测数据对比,结果显示预测误差低于6.8%,优于BP神经网络与支持向量机(SVM)的预测结果;分析模型中各变量的重要性顺序为:航速>水流速度>水深>风速>风向,利用偏相关分析得到了单个因素与油耗间的定量关系.     

内河交通物联网安全分析及应对策略

为适应内河交通信息化的发展,提出了内河交通物联网的概念.在分析内河交通物联网概念、体系结构的基础上,研究其信息安全问题.对内河交通物联网的感知层、网络层、数据处理层、应用层和展现层进行全面分析,研究各层存在的安全隐患及面临的安全挑战,并提出相应的安全技术策略,以促进内河交通安全、快速发展.     

南河综合整治工程设计浅析

通过分析南京市南河综合整治工程设计,初探城市河道水环境综合整治设计思路和一些重难点问题的解决方案,以期为其他类似工程提供借鉴和参考.     

长江中下游航道整治技术问题的几点思考

长江中下游的航道整治目前全面展开,很多技术问题亟待解决,为此结合目前的整治技术进展,对诸如整治河段单元的划分、目标河型的选择、工程区、守护工程功能属性转化、洲头鱼骨坝的作用扩展、汊道分流面、工程的结构型式等问题进行了商榷性讨论,为最终解决这些问题做一些铺垫性思考。