基于l1范数稀疏解的水下双层圆柱壳振动声辐射预报影响因素研究

基于模态叠加法理论,采用l1范数稀疏解方法,实现了水下双层圆柱壳由内壳有限测点振速值重构得到内、外壳振速空间分布,进而基于边界元理论对结构水下辐射声场进行预报。通过数值计算,分析了模态数目、测点数目和模态振型误差等因素对振动声辐射预报结果的影响,为指导速度场重构时模态数目、测点数目的选取提供了一定的理论依据;结果表明基于l1范数稀疏解声学预报方法对模态振型误差有一定的鲁棒性。最后开展了水下典型双层圆柱壳结构振动声辐射预报的试验研究,可为工程领域结构的声振预报提供一定的指导思路。     

基于反馈通道混合磁链模型观测器的定子磁场定向矢量控制

从理论上分析了定子磁场定向矢量控制的特点，对几种常见的定子磁链观测方法进行了深入地分析和比较，最后设计出一种基于反馈通道的混合磁链模型观测器，给出模型转换点的选取方法。仿真验证该模型对定子、转子电阻的鲁棒性强，模型转换过程磁链、转矩过渡平滑。     

水下潜器姿态角的分数阶 PID 控制研究

针对水下潜器纵向姿态角控制的稳定性问题,对水下潜器的姿态角控制系统设计一种分数阶 PID 控制器。在控制器设计过程中,引入时间误差绝对值（ITAE）准则,ITAE 准则的引入可快速获得分数阶 PID 的优化参数,设计优化分数阶 PID 控制器。最后,以水下潜器的传递函数为仿真对象,分别采用分数阶 PID 控制器和常规PID 控制器进行仿真研究。通过控制性能比较发现,本文所提出的分数阶 PID 控制器的控制效果明显优于常规 PID控制器,且分数阶 PID 控制器具有更强的鲁棒性。     

Passenger Perspectives in Railway Timetabling: A Literature Review

When looking at railway planning, a discrepancy exists between planners who focus on the train operations and publish fixed railway schedules, and passengers who look not only at the schedules but also at the entirety of their trip, from access to waiting to on-board travel and egress. Looking into this discrepancy is essential, as assessing railway performances by merely measuring train punctuality would provide an unfair picture of the level of service experienced by passengers. Firstly, passengers’ delays are often significantly larger than the train delays responsible for the passengers to be late. Secondly, trains’ punctuality is often strictly related to too tight schedules that in turn might translate into knock-on delays for longer dwelling times at stations, trip delays for increased risk of missing transfer connections, and uncertain assessment of the level of service experienced, especially with fluctuating passenger demand. A key aspect is the robustness of railway timetables. Empirical evidence indicates that passengers give more importance to travel time certainty than travel time reductions, as passengers associate an inherent disutility with travel time uncertainty. This disutility may be broadly interpreted as an anxiety cost for the need for having contingency plans in case of disruptions, and may be looked at as the motivator for the need for delay-robust railway timetables. Interestingly, passenger-oriented optimisation studies considering robustness in railway planning typically limit their emphasis on passengers to the consideration of transfer maintenance. Clearly, passengers’ travel behaviour is far more complex and multi-faceted and thus several other aspects should be considered, as becoming more and more evident from passenger surveys. The current literature review starts by looking at the parameters that railway optimisation/planning studies are focused on and the key performance indicators that impact railway planning. The attention then turns to the parameters influencing passengers’ perceptions and travel experiences. Finally, the review proposes guidelines on how to reduce the gap between the operators’ railway planning and performance measurement on the one hand and the passengers’ perception of the railway performance on the other hand. Thereby, the conclusions create a foundation for a more passenger-oriented railway timetabling ensuring that passengers are provided with the best service possible with the resources available.     

集装箱航运网络拓扑特性研究

从复杂网络理论角度出发,验证了集装箱航运网络具备无标度和小世界特性,由集装箱航运网络节点度分布、度相关性以及度与介数相关性分析得到了度较大的节点对集装箱航运网络影响程度较大的结论.选择度较大节点作为优先攻击目标,随机生成节点序列作为出错目标,进而比较出错和攻击对集装箱航运网络聚集系数、平均距离和网络效率等重要网络特性的影响.通过分析发现集装箱航运网络具有较好的鲁棒性,同时也具有较大的脆弱性.     

面向鲁棒性的高速铁路网络列车运行调整计划优化模型

针对高速铁路路网中出现区间封锁事件,考虑事件持续时间的不确定性,以列车运行时间和安全间隔时间为约束条件,引入路径选择唯一性约束保证列车运行调整计划的鲁棒性,以所有列车晚点时间之和的期望值最小为目标函数,建立高速铁路列车运行调整计划优化整数规划模型.设计基于优先级规则的启发式算法,求解原模型的可行解.运用拉格朗日松弛算法和最短路径算法求解该模型的松弛模型,得到原模型最优解的下界.根据可行解与最优解下界之间的距离,可以定量地衡量可行解的质量.结果表明,相较于CPLEX数学求解软件,算法求解效率较高;模型与算法能够有效生成鲁棒的列车运行调整计划,为调度员提供必要辅助决策信息.     

Improving the robustness of an MPC-based obstacle avoidance algorithm to parametric uncertainty using worst-case scenarios

Previous work by the authors focused on obstacle avoidance in large, high-speed autonomous ground vehicles within unknown and unstructured environments. This work resulted in a nonlinear model predictive control based algorithm that simultaneously optimises both the speed and steering commands. The algorithm can exploit the dynamic limits of the vehicle to navigate it to a target position as quickly as possible without compromising safety. In the algorithm, a model of the vehicle is used explicitly to predict and optimise future actions, but in practice the model parameter values are not known exactly. Thus, in this paper, the robustness of the algorithm to parametric uncertainty is evaluated. It is first demonstrated that using nominal parameter values in the algorithm leads to safety issues in 24% of the evaluated scenarios with the considered parametric uncertainty distributions. To improve the algorithm's robustness, a novel double-worst-case formulation is developed that simultaneously accounts for the robust satisfaction of the two safety requirements of high-speed obstacle avoidance: collision-free and no-wheel-lift-off. Results from simulations with stratified random scenarios and worst-case scenarios show that the double-worst-case formulation renders the algorithm robust to all uncertainty realisations tested. The trade-off between robustness and the task completion performance is also quantified.     

基于图像连通性的自适应水印同步方案

为提高水印的鲁棒性和安全性,提出了基于图像连通性的自适应水印同步方案.该方案根据图像的连通性得到连通对象,选取较大的连通对象的重心作为水印嵌入的参考点.利用图像的连通性具有拓扑不变性以及图像的重心比较稳定的特性保证水印检测的自适应同步.用作水印嵌入的参考点的高度稳定性,使得该方案不仅对常见图像处理时,而且对全局和局部几何攻击均呈现了较强的鲁棒性.     

基于免疫进化算法的发动机悬置系统稳健优化

在分析各种优化方法优缺点的基础上,建立发动机悬置系统六自由度动力模型。以六自由度方向的解耦率为最大优化目标,以各悬置点三向刚度为设计变量,选用免疫进化算法对发动机的悬置刚度参数进行优化,最后用Monte Carlo法对悬置系统进行稳健性分析。结果表明,优化解不仅能保证六自由度方向的高解耦率,还能保证悬置系统的稳健性,提高了产品的质量。     

铁路光传送网业务适应性和健壮性分析

通过对铁路光传送网承载业务和组网模式的分析,指出MSTP技术对业务的适应性和常规组网模式健壮性两方面的不足,提出具体的改进建议。