几种自升式平台桩土作用有限元简化方法的比较

文章以某一自升式海洋平台桩腿结构作为研究对象,在分析环境载荷作用下自升式海洋平台桩腿—土相互作用机理的基础上,结合通用有限元软件ANSYS,对于如何在有限元建模中正确地考虑桩腿—土的相互作用的问题进行了研究,建立了完整的海洋平台桩腿模型,并分别采用了三种不同的有限元建模方法来模拟土层和桩腿之间的相互作用,通过有限元计算结果与实际检测样本数据的比较,分析了三种简化方法的准确性和可行性。     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

马氏体镍钢用于制造全海深载人舱的可行性初探

为进一步探索深渊海沟,需要研制全海深载人潜水器。在给定设计深度下,潜水器的成功研制取决于对载人舱选材的合理性。合理选材使得载人舱的重量较小,同时,材料具备良好的综合性能使其能够承受非常高的外部压力及适应严峻的环境条件。在全海深载人舱设计过程中,马氏体时效钢以其较高的强度、良好的韧性、较好的可加工性能及热处理性能而备受关注。其中,18Ni系马氏体时效钢因具备较好的综合性能而作为全海深载人舱的备选材料,因此在载人舱设计之前需要对备选材料的综合性能进行合理的评估。该文对载人舱材料选择标准进行了探讨,以此为基础,针对18Ni系马氏体镍钢的重要性能指标进行了分析,分析结果将为后续的材料试验研究和载人舱初步设计提供理论指导。     

质子交换膜燃料电池接触电阻研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)接触电阻问题是制约其商业化发展的一个重要因素。影响接触电阻的因素可归纳为电池材料、组装参数、工作参数和其他因素。本文主要介绍了PEMFC的接触电阻及其影响因素,并综述了降低接触电阻的方法。     

南海自由站立式立管设计与分析

自由站立式立管可作为南海油气开发的立管形式。根据设计参数建立自由站立式立管系统模型,根据南海某油田环境参数校核立管各工况下的强度结果并进行疲劳分析,探讨自由站立式立管动态强度与疲劳特性并验证是否满足规范要求。分析结果表明：该立管设计满足规范中的强度与疲劳要求,且疲劳性能较好;立管等效应力最大处为立管主体顶部应力节下端;最危险浪流方向为沿立管向平台方向;立管主体应力水平受平台运动影响较小,受顶部张紧力以及海流大小影响较大;疲劳损伤最大处位于立管主体顶部,且涡激疲劳损伤大于浪致疲劳损伤。     

Numerical analysis of the dynamic interaction between wheel set and turnout crossing using the explicit finite element method

A three-dimensional (3-D) explicit dynamic finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the impact of the wheel on the crossing nose. The model consists of a wheel set moving over the turnout crossing. Realistic wheel, wing rail and crossing geometries have been used in the model. Using this model the dynamic responses of the system such as the contact forces between the wheel and the crossing, crossing nose displacements and accelerations, stresses in rail material as well as in sleepers and ballast can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the wheel set and crossing interaction using the local contact stress state in the rail is possible as well, which provides a good basis for prediction of the long-term behaviour of the crossing (fatigue analysis). In order to tune and validate the FE model field measurements conducted on several turnouts in the railway network in the Netherlands are used here. The parametric study including variations of the crossing nose geometries performed here demonstrates the capabilities of the developed model. The results of the validation and parametric study are presented and discussed.     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

Influence of wheel and rail profile shape on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue cracks at high axle loads

The influence of wheel and rail profile shape features on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks is evaluated based on the results of multi-body vehicle dynamics simulations. The damage index and surface fatigue index are used as two damage parameters to assess the influence of the different features. The damage parameters showed good agreement to one another and to in-field observations. The wheel and rail profile shape features showed a correlation to the predicted RCF damage. The RCF damage proved to be most sensitive to the position of hollow wear and thus bogie tracking. RCF initiation and crack growth can be reduced by eliminating unwanted shape features through maintenance and design and by improving bogie tracking.     

基于能量法的气缸盖低周热机疲劳寿命预测方法研究

通过测试气缸盖本体解剖试样,获得气缸盖材料的循环应力应变特性,并利用仿真方法验证其合理性。在此基础上,依据发动机低周疲劳台架考核方法,运用子模型分析技术,得到考核循环内气缸盖火力面的应力分布和塑性变形特性。基于塑性应变能理论,结合试验测试,对火力面低周热机疲劳寿命进行预测和评估,分析表明排气鼻梁区的寿命较低,约为1100次。     

A theoretical model of speed-dependent steering torque for rolling tyres

ABSTRACT

It is well known that the tyre steering torque is highly dependent on the tyre rolling speed. In limited cases, i.e. parking manoeuvre, the steering torque approaches the maximum. With the increasing tyre speed, the steering torque decreased rapidly. Accurate modelling of the speed-dependent behaviour for the tyre steering torque is a key factor to calibrate the electric power steering (EPS) system and tune the handling performance of vehicles. However, no satisfactory theoretical model can be found in the existing literature to explain this phenomenon. This paper proposes a new theoretical framework to model this important tyre behaviour, which includes three key factors: (1) tyre three-dimensional transient rolling kinematics with turn-slip; (2) dynamical force and moment generation; and (3) the mixed Lagrange–Euler method for contact deformation solving. A nonlinear finite-element code has been developed to implement the proposed approach. It can be found that the main mechanism for the speed-dependent steering torque is due to turn-slip-related kinematics. This paper provides a theory to explain the complex mechanism of the tyre steering torque generation, which helps to understand the speed-dependent tyre steering torque, tyre road feeling and EPS calibration.