FPSO生活区设计研究与探讨

介绍大连中远船务工程有限公司所承建的巴西石油公司P-74～P-77 FPSO生活区模块工程中生活区的设计思路,强调人机工程学分析原理在设计中的运用,讨论设计中需改进的内容.     

舰船多机组设备减振特性研究

根据船舶设计中提出的动力装置减振降噪的要求,以某船舶中经过不同方式隔振设计的多台辅机设备为研究对象,建立该舱室的有限元模型。通过数值计算分析不同隔振装置的减振性能。结果表明:用简化为弹簧和阻尼器的隔振器来模拟实际橡胶隔振器,隔振效果在高频段有一定差异,低频段影响不大。为了改进隔振效果,可以适当增大隔振体系安装平台的厚度及中间质量体的质量,并综合考虑对机组共同激励的影响。     

船舶噪声DEMON谱质量评估方法

针对船舶噪声DEMON谱在技术研究、识别应用和噪声整理中缺乏有效的质量评估方法,提取前12阶轴频谐波线谱信噪比、第一组谐波簇中轴频及其谐波清晰度和叶频清晰度、强干扰线谱强度3种关键特征,设计了一套DEMON谱质量综合评估框架。通过海上实测噪声数据分析表明,该质量评估方法可靠,与实际情况吻合较好。     

基于Lighthill声类比的流激噪声三维计算及验证

随着舰艇管路系统中阀门、泵及弯管等部件流激噪声问题的日益突出,水动力流激噪声数值计算方法逐渐受到关注。针对阀门的流动诱导噪声问题,文章结合大涡模拟和Lighthill声类比理论,建立了流激噪声混合计算方法并对类阀空腔模型进行了数值模拟和验证。首先,流场采用大涡模拟计算了低马赫数下三维类阀空腔模型的非定常流动。然后,将流场计算结果导入ACTRAN,通过ACTRAN中基于有限元/无限元的Lighthill声类比理论对流噪声进行求解。最终将流激噪声计算结果与声学试验进行了对比分析。对比结果表明,该流激噪声混合计算方法可行且计算结果可靠,可应用于水动力噪声的研究。     

离心风机仿生蜗舌降噪效果试验研究

提取长耳鸮羽翼组织降噪特征元素,设计耦合吸声结构蜗舌,降低离心风机的噪声。根据仿生学原理,仿生蜗舌形态单元包括微缝板、穿孔板和空腔,从降噪机理分析后发现三者耦合作用可以吸声降噪,并对离心风机性能参数影响不大。进行对比试验研究,结果表明:在额定工况下,装有仿生蜗舌的离心风机的总声压级LA比原型风机降低0.5 d B,其他工况最高可降低2.5 d B,说明仿生蜗舌是一种有效的降噪方案,其仿生形态单元尺寸与降噪效果的关系有待进一步研究。     

汽车排气消声器声学性能仿真研究

基于三维声波波动方程的有限元软件LMS Virtual．lab Acoustics,采用两种不同的研究方法获得了消声器的传递损失,第1种方法是采用定义入口单位质点振速的方法;第2种方法是采用AML（ Automatically Matched Layer ）技术直接计算声功率的方法．结果表明两种方法计算出来的结果高度一致,且第2种方法计算步骤简单、计算速度快,对于大截面管路消声器也同样适用．相对传统的传递矩阵法和依靠经验的方法,用三维声学有限元法,在计算速度上有很大的提高,并且有效地减少了基于一维平面波理论所产生的消声器传递损失计算误差．最后利用第2种方法,研究了基于气流速度影响的消声器出口辐射噪声,并建立了其插入损失的有限元计算模型．     

Variability in sound power levels: Implications for static and dynamic traffic models

Classically, one mean vehicle representative of each category is used by both static and dynamic traffic noise prediction models. The spectrum associated with this mean vehicle is determined from a linear statistical regression analysis based on measurement campaigns on a track or in situ. However, the variability of individual vehicle emissions can influence predictions and hinder comparison between static and dynamic models. In order to estimate the induced bias, statistical analysis of the distributions of sound power levels emitted by the individual passage of vehicles during 82 measurement campaigns was carried out. The results show that 92% of the residual regression distributions are Gaussian and that standard deviations can reach 3.6 dBA. The value of the proposed correction term for this case study could reach 1.4 dBA for light vehicles and 1.2 dBA for heavy vehicles. This analysis also shows that the variability in sound power levels and thus the corresponding corrections are higher at the lowest speeds that correspond to urban driving conditions.     

Effects of a hovering unmanned aerial vehicle on urban soundscapes perception

Several industry leaders and governmental agencies are currently investigating the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or ‘drones’ as commonly known, for an ever-growing number of applications from blue light services to parcel delivery. For the specific case of the delivery sector, drones can alleviate road space usage and also lead to reductions in CO₂ and air pollution emissions, compared to traditional diesel-powered vehicles. However, due to their unconventional acoustic characteristics and operational manoeuvres, it is uncertain how communities will respond to drone operations. Noise has been suggested as a major barrier to public acceptance of drone operations in urban areas. In this paper, a series of audio-visual scenarios were created to investigate the effects of drone noise on the reported loudness, annoyance and pleasantness of seven different types of urban soundscapes. In soundscapes highly impacted by road traffic noise, the presence of drone noise lead to small changes in the perceived loudness, annoyance and pleasantness. In soundscapes with reduced road traffic noise, the participants reported a significantly higher perceived loudness and annoyance and a lower pleasantness with the presence of the same drone noise. For instance, the reported annoyance increased from 2.3 ± 0.8 (without drone noise) to 6.8 ± 0.3 (with drone noise), in an 11-point scale (0-not at all, 10-extremely). Based on these results, the concentration of drone operations along flight paths through busy roads might aid in the mitigation of the overall community noise impact caused by drones.     

动车组轴承异音故障诊断与研究

根据动车组高级修统计,轴承系统故障问题主要集中在锈蚀和剥离。目前高速动车组轴承故障监测系统有车载轴温监测系统和TADS轨边声学诊断系统2种,对于故障轴承的判断具有较高的准确率,但在一定程度上也有自身的局限性。针对车载轴温监测系统和TADS轨边声学诊断系统均未检测到的某动车组轴承剥离异音问题,借助该动车组既有车载传动系统监控装置进行振动检测,同时在客室内利用便携式设备进行噪声检测,利用FFT,STFT等技术手段对故障频率进行甄别,找到故障激扰源,这是对轴承故障诊断行之有效的方法。     

上海浦东国际机场捷运系统轨道结构设计要点及思考

以上海浦东国际机场三期扩建工程的捷运系统工程为依托,结合机场捷运系统的特点,对该系统轨道结构设计的主要方案进行了介绍。阐述了该工程设计的重点和难点,提出行之有效的解决措施,如多样化的减振降噪技术、多方联动的精细化设计、长距离超薄无枕式整体道床、大线间距浮置板道岔等。最后对该项目的轨道结构设计提出了如推广使用预制板、平坡段浮置板道床排水方案、降噪措施等方面的思考和建议。