压气条件下泥膜进气值测量试验研究

在压气条件下,进气是泥膜透气失效的起始点。为测量并研究泥膜在气压下的进气压力值（进气值）,通过自制的试验装置,在不同压气条件下对3种泥膜进行进气值测量试验。试验结果表明： 1)由闭气排水与固结排水的差值可以辨别泥膜是否进气,得到泥膜进气值; 2)采用泥膜特征孔径D90/2代入推导公式可近似计算泥膜进气值; 3)泥膜在不同压气条件下进气值不同,增压速率越低,泥膜进气值越大; 4)在较快和较慢的增压速率下存在进气值变化趋于稳定的现象,最大进气值为最小值的2倍以上。     

金门特长公路隧道通风方案比选研究

为解决目前特长公路隧道通风方案比选时局限于送排式通风的问题,从方案设计角度分析几种不同纵向通风模式的功能特点、适用条件,结合送排式通风与互补式通风的特点,提出单通道互补式通风的组合通风模式,并以金门特长公路隧道为例,从全寿命周期角度,对“通风井送排式”“单通道互补式”“双通道互补式”“吸尘式”4种通风方案进行比选研究。结果表明： 1）送排式通风受通风井位置影响较大,从运营通风角度,宜设置在上坡隧道中部偏下风方向; 2）互补式、吸尘式通风能够突破通风井选址的限制,但对于超过5 km的隧道,需要设置专用排烟井; 3）单通道互补式通风省去送风井,保留了送排式通风的排烟功能,具备比选价值。     

地下工程平衡稳定理论再研究

目前,地下工程结构在计算分析方面主要采用传统松弛荷载理论（类似荷载结构法）和数值分析法;在合理结构构造、施工工法等方面主要采用岩承理论（类似地层结构法）,这些已有理论或方法隐含“变形协调控制”假定,实际应用中往往将这些假定忽视,因而需进一步发展新的理论方法以适应实际应用的需求。在大量工程实践和试验的基础上,揭示地下工程有效承载结构层与围岩荷载转移规律之间的关联性,建立地下工程平衡稳定理论,此理论既能反映传统“松弛荷载理论”和现代“岩承理论”的基本内容,又能拓宽平衡稳定性等内容,是地下工程平衡稳定性的新认识、新理念; 同时提出能量控制技术、预支护技术、受力独立性综合技术、变形协调控制技术4项关键技术。将这些技术合理地运用到实际工程施工中,将便于利用已有或新成果分类预防和控制地下工程质量和安全,为解决新型地下工程问题提供新的依据。     

船舶中速主机低频排气噪声控制研究

结合在船舶建造中遇到的低频主机排气噪声控制问题,从实船噪声源的确定、主机排气噪声谱分析和消声器声学性能验证等方面进行探索,并从排气噪声控制角度对船舶柴油机排气系统设计提出了建议。     

Incorporating the extended theory of planned behavior in a school travel mode choice model: a case study of Shaoxing,China

Travel to and from school can have social, economic, and environmental implications for students and their parents. Therefore, understanding school travel mode choice behavior is essential to find policy-oriented approaches to optimizing school travel mode share. Recent research suggests that psychological factors of parents play a significant role in school travel mode choice behavior and the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model has been used to test the effect of psychological constructs on mode choice behavior. However, little research has used a systematic framework of behavioral theory to organize these psychological factors and investigate their internal relationships. This paper proposes an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to delve into the psychological factors caused by the effects of adults’ cognition and behavioral habits and explores the factors’ relationship paradigm. A theoretical framework of travel mode choice behavior for students in China is constructed. We established the MIMIC model that accommodates latent variables from ETPB. We found that not all the psychological latent variables have significant effects on school travel mode choice behavior, but habit can play an essential role. The results provide theoretical support for demand policies for school travel.     

A Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy with multiclass network equilibria

This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts.     

Back-Calculation of Ground Stress Field and Rockburst Analysis for Wunvfeng Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Studying the in-situ stress distribution at a tunnel site is very important to determine surrounding rock characteristics, the engineering design and the construction scheme. By using the multiple linear regression method based on the least square algorithm, the initial geostress field is analyzed and the corresponding regression coefficients are obtained. The ground stress obtained from the proposed back analysis is reasonable and can meet the demands of the engineering applications. From the rockburst risk level distribution diagram, it is speculated that the Wunvfeng tunnel is in the high filed stress area. Field monitoring should be strengthened and emergency plans should be made to cope with the rockburst risks during the construction process. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Mechanism of Tunnel Water Inflow Caused by Bending Failure of a Waterproof Dike Based on a Circular Thin Plate Mechanical Model北大核心CSCD

Water bursts during tunnel construction endanger construction, and it is therefore necessary to reserve a waterproof dike with the required thickness to avoid water bursts and to take reinforcement of the dike and treatment of the structure liable to trigger a water burst. Using the water burst at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway as an example, and considering the type of tunnel section and the upright mudstone of the dike, the waterproof dike at the work face is simplified as a round thin plate. A formula for the calculation of a minimum safety thickness for the critical waterproof dike is deduced by analyzing the force applied on the water-proof dike, and the minimum safety thickness for the water burst section at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is cal-culated. The numerical simulation analysis demonstrates the critical thickness of waterproof dike at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is 1.4-1.55 m, and the calculated water inflow and water burst basically agree with the actual condition. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

On Safety in Dismantling Temporary Strut of Super-large Tunnels with Double-layer Primary Support北大核心CSCD

More and more multiple-track tunnels and super-large section tunnels have been built, and disman- tling of temporary strut is a weak point of the whole structure during force transfer when the secondary lining is con- structed. It is significant to guarantee structure safety during dismantling of temporary strut. Little systematic re- search on safety in dismantling of temporary strut of the super-large section tunnel with double-layer primary support has been conducted, so the internal force and security of the two-layer primary support of the Xinkaotang tunnel were analyzed by a numerical analysis and site measurement, and it proves the effect of two-layer primary support on the safety during strut dismantling. The research results indicate that: (1) with constant support thickness and one-time longitudinal dismantling length, the safety factor of secondary primary support is larger than that of the first primary support, and the safety factor of the first primary support is larger than that of the single-layer primary support. Change range of safety factor for the first primary support is smaller than that of the single-layer primary support, and the safe factor for the single-layer primary support is smaller than that of the secondary primary support; (2) with the same support pattern, the safety factors increase firstly and then decrease with an increase of the onetime dismantling length. The calculated results of various cases show that the reasonable one-time dismantling length for this project is about 9 m. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Comparative Analysis of Calculation Methods for Jacking Force of Jacking Pipes北大核心CSCD

Jacking force is the most important parameter in jacking pipe engineering, and reasonable calculation of jacking forces plays an important role in safe and smooth pipe jacking construction. There are many calculation methods for pipe jacking force at present, and the calculation results may be affected to some extent by different cal⁃ culation methods. For this reason, calculation methods of jacking force (frictional resistance) were collected and a comparative analysis was conducted with aspects to the advantages, disadvantages and applicabilities. The results show that as for the jacking force calculated by empirical formulae, the soil layer classifications corresponding to giv⁃ en frictional force per unit area and relevant factors to be considered are different, and the values of frictional force per unit area between pipe and soil in the same soil layer are also different; as for the jacking force calculated by theo⁃ retical formulae, the calculation methods for vertical earth pressure at crown are different and much effected by the pipe buried depth; as for the jacking force calculated by numerical simulation, the selected theories for the simula⁃ tion program and the construction factors to be considered during simulation are different. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.