氯离子诱发钢筋混凝土桥面板锈蚀开始时间的预测方法探析

通过对钢筋混凝土桥面板表面氟离子浓度的测量,并运用超越方程预测钢筋混凝土桥面板锈蚀的开始时间．即采用三种不同表面氯离子的浓度-时间关系曲线,根据不同的扩散系数和混凝土层深度对锈蚀开始时间进行预测．这对于桥面板的维护和修复有重要的参考价值。     

浅谈GIS在道路管理中存在的问题

充分利用GIS对空间信息的管理能力和生动形象的图形表现形式,结合交通系统的具体特点,开发适合现代变通发展需要GIS,具有鲜明的实际意义。     

洛河特大桥抗震性能计算

为了准确计算洛河特大桥的地震反应,基于大跨径桥梁地震反应分析方法,建立了考虑桩-土相互作用的全桩模型,将波速大于500 m.s-1处的桩截去,并考虑桩-土相互作用的截桩模型与考虑各桥墩处场地土不同所产生的多点激励以及地震波有限波速传播所引起行波效应的大质量模型,采用大型通用有限元程序ANSYS进行桥梁三维地震动态时程分析。结果表明,高墩的位移响应与轴力大;墩越矮,横桥向剪力、顺桥向剪力以及顺桥向弯矩越大;截桩模型与全桩模型的位移响应在横桥向与顺桥向的最大偏差分别为7.4%与8.2%,故截桩模型可用作长桩桥梁时程的简化分析;大质量模型受质量块的大小以及桥墩高差的影响较大,跨径小于160 m以及桥长小于660 m的连续刚构桥对行波效应不敏感,因此,在高墩大跨径连续刚构桥抗震设计时,应考虑桩-土相互作用,并加强高墩的延性设计与矮墩的截面抗力设计。     

气相色谱法分析六氟化钨中的杂质

利用气相色谱法,分析六氟化钨中微量气体杂质的含量.由于六氟化钨有很强的腐蚀性,在对其进行分析时,要对气相色谱仪进行改造.本文设计了一个反吹双通路分析系统,在六氟化钨中的气相杂质进入检测器后,可以及时将六氟化钨反吹出去,从而既可保证分析的准确性,又可避免六氟化钨对仪器的腐蚀.此外,本实验还结合仪器以及被测样品本身的性质,通过正交实验确定了气相色谱仪的最佳操作参数.在此基础上,利用一系列标准气体,确定了采用不同的色谱柱进行分析时,仪器最佳的反吹时间,从而保证分析的准确性和安全性.最终可以准确地对六氟化钨中的四氟化碳、二氧化碳、六氟化硫、氧气、氮气和一氧化碳等痕量的气体杂质进行分析,确定了对六氟化钨中气体杂质的分析方法.     

基于虚拟支撑力的隧道合理支护时机探讨分析

以连云港北固山隧道为工程背景,利用有限元分析软件,分析了隧道开挖后在不同荷载释放系数下施加支护的作用效果;同时,结合超前注浆加固机理,对施作超前支护与不施作超前支护两种工况在不同支护时机下施作初期支护的围岩及支护结构的力学特征进行了对比分析,并根据两种工况下支护时机对隧道开挖后围岩及支护结构力学特征的影响,初步确定了较理想的初期支护时机.     

Arterial travel time estimation based on vehicle re-identification using wireless magnetic sensors

A practical system is described for the real-time estimation of travel time across an arterial segment with multiple intersections. The system relies on matching vehicle signatures from wireless sensors. The sensors provide a noisy magnetic signature of a vehicle and the precise time when it crosses the sensors. A match (re-identification) of signatures at two locations gives the corresponding travel time of the vehicle. The travel times for all matched vehicles yield the travel time distribution. Matching results can be processed to provide other important arterial performance measures including capacity, volume/capacity ratio, queue lengths, and number of vehicles in the link. The matching algorithm is based on a statistical model of the signatures. The statistical model itself is estimated from the data, and does not require measurement of ‘ground truth’. The procedure does not require measurements of signal settings; in fact, signal settings can be inferred from the matched vehicle results. The procedure is tested on a 1.5 km (0.9 mile)-long segment of San Pablo Avenue in Albany, CA, under different traffic conditions. The segment is divided into three links: one link spans four intersections, and two links each span one intersection.     

Catching the tail: Empirical identification of the distribution of the value of travel time

Recent methodological advances in discrete choice analysis in combination with certain stated choice experiments have allowed researchers to check empirically the identification of the distribution of latent variables such as the value of travel time (VTT). Lack of identification is likely to be common and the consequences are severe. E.g., the Danish value of time study found the 15% right tail of the VTT distribution to be unidentified, making it impossible to estimate the mean VTT without resorting to strong assumptions with equally strong impact on the resulting estimate. This paper analyses data generated from a similar choice experiment undertaken in Sweden during 2007-2008 in which the range of trade-off values between time and money was significantly increased relative to the Danish experiment. The results show that this change allowed empirical identification of effectively the entire VTT distribution. In addition to informing the design of future choice experiments, the results are also of interest as a validity test of the stated choice methodology. Failure in identifying the right tail of the VTT would have made it difficult to maintain that respondents’ behaviour is consistent with utility maximisation in the sense intended by the experimenter.     

大跨度混凝土斜拉桥模态与地震响应分析

文章以某大跨度混凝土斜拉桥为工程背景,采用Midas Civil程序建立了空间分析模型,并采用子空间迭代法对大桥进行模态分析,总结出了该斜拉桥的动力特性。同时通过实际地震波输入,对该结构在地震激励下的时程响应进行了计算分析,探讨了大跨度混凝土斜拉桥的地震反应特点,为大跨度混凝土斜拉桥的设计提供参考。     

海上风机在三种风载荷作用下的疲劳分析方法研究

文章提出一种基于等效疲劳载荷的快速有效的结构优化设计方法,首先通过bladed模拟得到时域下的风载荷,然后通过雨流计数法则和等效损伤理论得到相应的疲劳载荷谱和等效疲劳载荷,接着以导管架式海上风机为例,利用AN-SYS对其进行三维建模,选取三种典型管节点和两种非管节点,基于热点应力法计算了其在三种风疲劳载荷作用下的疲劳损伤,通过比较三种载荷作用下的疲劳损伤结果,验证了等效疲劳载荷的可靠性.接着又计算了各等效疲劳载荷分量单独作用下的海上风机焊接节点的疲劳损伤,得出各疲劳载荷分量对疲劳总损伤的贡献,可以为设计者提供更好的载荷设计依据.相比于传统的时域疲劳分析方法和疲劳载荷谱方法,等效疲劳载荷方法更加方便有效.     

浸水条件下前期荷载对砂岩颗粒料压缩-回弹特性影响

压缩-回弹特性是地基处理及基坑工程中沉降及回填变形分析的重要参考依据。由于砂岩颗粒料属颗粒类材料,浸水时前期荷载及干密度影响其压缩-回弹特性;采用应力控制式三联杠杆(高压)固结仪,探究浸水24 h后前期荷载及干密度对砂岩颗粒料压缩-回弹特性影响。结果表明:干密度相同时,随着前期荷载增加,砂岩颗粒料压缩特性逐渐减小;在相同卸荷比条件下,回弹率逐渐降低;前期荷载相同时,砂岩颗粒料压缩特性与回弹特性均随干密度增大而逐渐减小;砂岩颗粒料塑性应变随前期荷载增加、干密度增大而逐渐减小。