变邻域搜索求解公共交通乘务调度问题

公共交通乘务调度问题是一个将车辆工作切分为一组合法班次的过程,它是NP难问题,许多求解方法的效率都与班次评价密不可分,本文通过裁剪TOPSIS方法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution)设计了TOPSIS班次评价方法.此外,通过裁剪变邻域搜索算法使之适合求解乘务调度问题,提出了基于变邻域搜索的乘务调度方法(Crew Scheduling Approach Based on Variable Neighbourhood Search,VNS),其中,并入了TOPSIS班次评价方法在调度过程中进行班次评价,设计了两种带概率的复合邻域结构以增加搜索的多样性,帮助跳出局部最优,在VNS中利用模拟退火算法进行局部搜索.利用中国公共交通中的11组实例进行了测试,测试结果表明,VNS优于两种新近提出的乘务调度方法,且其结果关于班次数接近于下界.     

舰船加筋板局部强度评估中的总纵应力折减系数研究

舰船加强筋尺寸的合理确定一直是结构设计中的热点问题。本文综合考虑总纵弯曲应力和局部载荷的相互作用,研究加强筋的许用应力折减系数(C_s)的影响因素与合理取值方法。通过分析加强筋的力学模型、对比不同规范中的C_s取值,以及用非线性有限元软件Abaqus计算一系列加筋板模型,拟合C_s曲线并与规范对比,并验证剖面对称性和局部载荷作用方向对C_s取值的影响方式,丰富了舰船局部强度校核方法的技术背景,为板架设计、舰船三维局部校核程序开发提供借鉴。     

Capturing correlation with a mixed recursive logit model for activity-travel scheduling

Representing activity-travel scheduling decisions as path choices in a time–space network is an emerging approach in the literature. In this paper, we model choices of activity, location, timing and transport mode using such an approach and seek to estimate utility parameters of recursive logit models. Relaxing the independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property of the logit model in this setting raises a number of challenges. First, overlap in the network may not fully characterize perceptual correlation between paths, due to their interpretation as activity schedules. Second, the large number of states that are needed to represent all possible locations, times and activity combinations imposes major computational challenges to estimate the model. We combine recent methodological developments to build on previous work by Blom Västberg et al. (2016) and allow to model complex and realistic correlation patterns in this type of network. We use sampled choices sets in order to estimate a mixed recursive logit model in reasonable time for large-scale, dense time-space networks. Importantly, the model retains the advantage of fast predictions without sampling choice sets. In addition to estimation results, we present an extensive empirical analysis which highlights the different substitution patterns when the IIA property is relaxed, and a cross-validation study which confirms improved out-of-sample fit.     

Integrating capacity analysis with high-speed railway timetabling: A minimum cycle time calculation model with flexible overtaking constraints and intelligent enumeration

Compared with most optimization methods for capacity evaluation, integrating capacity analysis with timetabling can reveal the types of train line plans and operating rules that have a positive influence on improving capacity utilization as well as yielding more accurate analyses. For most capacity analyses and cyclic timetabling methods, the cycle time is a constant (e.g., one or two hours). In this paper, we propose a minimum cycle time calculation (MCTC) model based on the periodic event scheduling problem (PESP) for a given train line plan, which is promising for macroscopic train timetabling and capacity analysis. In accordance with train operating rules, a non-collision constraint and a series of flexible overtaking constraints (FOCs) are constructed based on variations of the original binary variables in the PESP. Because of the complexity of the PESP, an iterative approximation (IA) method for integration with the CPLEX solver is proposed. Finally, two hypothetical cases are considered to analyze railway capacity, and several influencing factors are studied, including train regularity, train speed, line plan specifications (train stops), overtaking and train heterogeneity. The MCTC model and IA method are used to test a real-world case involving the timetable of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway in China.     

改进的免疫模拟退火算法求解混合流水车间调度问题

针对混合流水车间调度问题的特点,设计了一种双层编码和解码的方法,在一定程度上扩大了可行解的搜索范围,为了克服传统免疫算法在初期收敛速度慢的问题,在算法的早期应用特定的变异算子,以期提高收敛速度,为避免算法陷入局部最优解,在算法后期,利用模拟退火算法的随机扰动性,引导算法跳出局部最优解,同时还引入了免疫记忆,运用精英保留策略预防最优解的丢失,最终提出了一种改进的混合免疫算法.通过仿真结果表明了该算法在解决混合流水车间问题上的可行性和有效性.     

深圳市交通需求管理政策的法治思考

深圳市制定和实施了若干小汽车交通需求管理政策,完善相关政策的法制保障成为政策实施的关键问题。首先结合深圳市交通需求管理实践经验,梳理小汽车增量调控、停车收费政策的制定与实施情况。指出交通需求管理政策的制定与实施面临经济杠杆存在法理争议、行政手段法律依据不足和程序合法性存疑等法治障碍。进而提出在国家层面构建交通管理法治体系、在地方层面完善法律法规以及规范交通需求管理政策出台程序等完善路径。     

CSR-H与CSR强度评估载荷的对比研究

对CSR-H 与CSR用于强度分析的载荷变化进行分析,对各载荷分量的包络值以及应用于等效设计波中的船体梁波浪弯矩、波浪剪力和外部海水压力、加速度等载荷分量的大小进行比较。分析货油舱、干散货舱、压载舱典型位置处的内部压力变化,并对载荷变化可能引起的结构要求变化进行分析和概括。     

横骨架式结构装载钢卷的直接强度评估

目前的结构规范中对于装载钢卷的结构构件尺寸要求仅针对纵骨架式结构。但在实船设计时,仍有部分内底（如管弄）和底边舱区域会采用横骨架式甚至混合骨架式结构布置。文章基于协调共同结构规范关于纵骨架式结构装载钢卷时计算的理论背景,采用有限元法,探讨和建立一种可行的横骨架式结构装载钢卷的直接强度评估方法流程。经实船算例分析验证了方法的可行性和合理性,表明该方法具有实际工程价值。     

最首尾货舱直接强度评估研究

针对CSR-H关于最首尾货舱有限元分析在实际评估中可能存在的技术问题进行研究分析。通过理论分析与数值试验相结合对最首尾货舱有限元评估方法中的边界条件、力学模型、模型范围进行合理性评估,通过已建造船数值试验对最首尾货舱开展有限元直接强度评估。数值分析结果表明两端简支的边界条件能较好的模拟翘曲效应,模型范围对强度评估结果有影响。最首货舱离边界很近会导致甲板、外板的屈曲强度不满足要求。而CSR-H针对最尾货舱有限元中的剪力调整方法仍基于货舱中段,仅以货舱前后端壁剪力为目标值进行调整,这种剪力调整方法不适用于最尾货舱。     

基于规则评价的武器目标分配方法

遗传算法、蚁群算法、粒子群优化算法等解决武器目标分配问题的典型方法尚不能满足工程应用的要求,为了提高舰艇对反舰导弹防御过程中的武器目标分配问题的工程化水平,采用系统分析的方法,提出一组适应舰艇火力通道组织的火力分配规则,设计了基于规则评价的武器目标分配方法,建立了评价函数及求解过程,并分析了算法的复杂度,该方法可以使目标分配结果与规则的符合度直观明确,更符合指挥员的自然决策思维过程,具有很好的工程实用价值。