How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

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某船用螺杆滑油泵出油管路振动烈度高达257. 7 mm/s,文章测量了该泵和另一台同型号泵的管路、泵体的振动速度和振动加速度波形,并逐一进行比较分析。管路振动速度波形和频谱表明,故障泵振动不稳定,速度频谱中存在明显的异常频率成分。泵体振动加速度波形分析结果表明,正常泵高频脉冲信号出现的频率与泵的正常排油频率对应。故障泵高频脉冲信号出现的频率明显不规律,说明故障泵的螺杆配合存在问题。泵体高频脉冲信号对于螺杆泵的状态监测与故障诊断具有重要意义。     

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