The risk of whiplash-induced medical impairment in rear-end impacts for males and females in driver seat compared to front passenger seat

The objective of this study was to study whiplash injury outcome in front-seat occupants in rear-end impacts using double paired comparison technique. The combination of gender, seated position, and outcome was analyzed. Folksam, a Swedish insurance company, has a database of whiplash injuries. A questionnaire was used to collect study data. The response rate was 81%. The inclusion criteria included medical impairment one year after the impact, as judged by medical specialists. The study included rear-end impacts between 1990 and 1999 that resulted in at least one permanent neck injury impairment; in total, 430 impacts with 860 occupants and 444 impairments. Of those suffering impairment, 302 were female and 142 male; 235 were seated in the driver's seat and 209 in the front passenger seat. Relative risk estimates for impairing whiplash injury, by gender and seated position:

1.

Driver male (DM)/passenger female (PF) relative risk = 0.5 n = 218     

移动行李对后排座椅冲击的仿真分析与结构优化

通过对移动行李对后排座椅冲击试验的一款不合格座椅进行仿真分析,结合试验结果验证分析模型的有效性。根据试验及仿真结果,分析座椅结构的不合理性,并进行优化设计,使其在重量减轻的同时满足GB 15083-2006的试验要求。     

校车座椅动态试验乘员损伤研究与优化

以校车座椅为研究对象,以LS-DYNA为工具,采用分式析因试验设计及全因子试验设计方法,研究约束系统参数灵敏度,从而找出对乘员加权伤害指标（WIC）影响较大的设计参数。约束系统参数优化后,乘员WIC比初始值降低了20%,优化效果显著。     

汽车正撞时后排座椅安全性的CAE分析与改进设计

构建了带假人和安全带等约束系统的汽车后排座椅骨架的多刚体和有限元耦合计算模型,根据欧洲座椅法规ECER17的规定,模拟正面碰撞后排座椅安全性台车试验,对座椅骨架冲击强度和假人动态响应等进行了CAE分析.根据分析结果提出改进方案,并进行相应的仿真和试验验证.     

高速铁路不同票价等级席位数量的优化分配研究

在高速铁路旅客运输淡季，通过对列车在整个运行区段内的票价进行折扣，来吸引有潜在出行行为的旅客来乘坐旅客列车，从而提高列车的上座率并增加铁路运输企业的收益。通过分析折扣率和客流增加量的关系，建立以运营收益最大化为目标，以折扣数和不同的折扣率为决策变量的优化模型。最后根据模型的特点给出模型的求解算法，通过对模型的求解得到最优的席位分配方案，并通过案例验证模型的科学性。     

乘用车座椅靠背角对乘员碰撞安全性的影响分析

为探讨副驾驶员座椅靠背角度对乘员碰撞安全性的影响,建立了某乘用车副驾驶员约束系统模型,采用LS-DYNA软件分析了该车型在正面碰撞时对应于不同座椅靠背角度的副驾驶员损伤情况。结果表明,随着靠背角度的增加,乘员的损伤加重,尤其是头部和颈部损伤。因此,在正面碰撞中,将副驾驶员靠背角度适当调小有利于对副驾驶员保护。     

某型发动机汽缸盖更换阀座再制造研究

某发动机是一型断线装备,汽缸盖更换阀座修理涉及难度较大的铸造铝合金焊接、阀座外径电刷镀,以及承装孔辊压收口的特殊装配要求,经研究和大量工艺试验,较好地解决了修复过程中的再制造问题和装配问题,修复质量优于新品,取得了较好的经济效益。     

机车车体抗蛇行减振器座结构模块化设计

机车车体抗蛇行减振器安装座是一重要的疲劳受力部件,文章针对该部件在以往运行中所出现的问题,总结不同的结构方案进行计算分析和设计比较,并通过对较优方案的重新设计,达到该部件的模块化设计目的。     

Modelling the fore-and-aft apparent mass of the human body and the transmissibility of seat backrests

A combined lumped-parameter and multi-body system dynamic model of the human body–seat system has been constructed with masses and moments of inertia and with linear translational and rotational springs and dampers. The model was developed in four steps by minimising the sum-of-least-squares error between laboratory measurements and model predictions of the fore-and-aft driving point apparent mass and the fore-and-aft transmissibility of a car backrest. Good agreement was achieved between model predictions and both the median measured driving-point apparent mass and the median measured backrest transmissibility with six subjects. The model was capable of representing the measured apparent masses and predicting the backrest transmissibility with the individual subjects. It was also capable of predicting the backrest transmissibilities of two different car seats. A sensitivity study was conducted and the effects of the model parameters on the peak moduli and corresponding frequencies of the apparent mass and the backrest transmissibility are presented.     

NMCI-美国海军陆战队专用网

作为美国海军网络中心战的新一代的联合计划网络,海军陆战队专用网（NMCI）将全美33.6万海军和海军陆战队用户的计算机连接成网,支持与舰载IT-21和海军陆战队战术网的连接.以“台位管理”合同采办的NMCI为海军及其陆战队的日常事务和作战行动提供全程的网络信息服务,包括加密访问语音、影像和数据通信服务.