预留打磨量和打磨温度对钢轨铝热焊接头平直度的影响

首先分析了铝热焊接头焊缝低塌的原因,然后通过现场试验测量初打磨后接头的最高温度、不同终打磨温度下焊缝中心低塌量以及接头冷却过程中温度的变化,分析初打磨轨顶焊筋的预留打磨量、终打磨温度对铝热焊接头焊后平直度的影响.结果表明:焊接60 kg/m钢轨铝热焊接头时,初打磨后轨顶焊筋应预留1.3 mm以上的打磨量;终打磨温度越低焊缝低塌量越小,随终打磨温度降低焊缝低塌量减小幅度逐渐变缓,终打磨温度为300℃时焊缝低塌量较小,终打磨温度低于200℃时焊缝无低塌现象;采用"初打磨+终打磨"的打磨方式可避免铝热焊接头焊缝低塌,提高打磨效率.     

钢轨闪光焊接头灰斑特性及成因分析

灰斑是钢轨闪光焊接头中常见的缺陷,对钢轨焊接接头质量有直接的影响.本文通过研究挤出瘤中的夹杂物组织及其形态,并在钢轨闪光焊完成预热烧化后终止焊接作业,取样分析,以探究灰斑的形成原因.结果表明:焊接过程中熔融金属与氧发生反应,各种成分通过扩散作用不断聚集,最终在焊缝局部区域形成硅酸盐夹杂物.受焊接工艺影响及夹杂物流动性差异,顶锻阶段少部分夹杂物未被挤出,从而在焊缝内部形成灰斑.     

波浪运动对风机基础结构的动力响应影响

随着海上风电的发展，海上风机基础的动力响应越来越引起人们的关注。在以往的设计中，一般只考虑静态的波浪力，忽略波浪的动力响应，根据静态波浪力来校核基础结构强度。本文以海上固定式三桩钢结构风机基础，江苏沿海潮间带海域的环境条件和地质数据，论述其波浪动力响应对结构的影响。     

Effects of Friends' Information Interaction on Travel Decisions

Many existing studies focus on the effects of traffic information from ATIS on travel choices. Research on the effect of friends' travel information on people's travel choice is uncommon, yet needed. In this paper, behavioral experiments are conducted to discuss what the effects of information interaction with friends can bring on individual travel decision behavior. The experimental results concluded that when the rate of friends' information interaction reaches 33.3%, the whole system is at an optimal level. Furthermore, users reach an optimum when the rate of friends' travel information interaction is 75%. The average time and cost per person is increasing when the whole system optimum transfers to the user optimum. Moreover, adjustments of departure time at the system optimum are more dispersed than at the user optimum, while travel choice changes are more concentrated.     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.     

构造应力场中层状围岩隧道动力响应数值分析

层状岩层的横观各向同性使得振动波在岩层中沿着不同方向传播时,质点的振动特性有着一定的差异。以我国西南地区某高海拔山区单向公路隧道的全断面爆破掘进为研究背景,利用FLAC 3D软件对构造应力场中均质围岩及倾角不同的层状围岩在隧道爆破开挖过程中的变形、振动速度进行研究。研究结果表明,隧道开挖爆破后,洞周岩体变形不对称式分布,左、右拱腰部位变形最大,均质围岩洞周各部位变形在5种模型中相对较小;爆源距相同时,层状围岩左、右测点的x向振动速度均大于上、下测点的z向振动速度;断层破碎带、层理结构面对于振动波的传播既有消振又有聚振的作用,与断层破碎带和层理结构面的产状、空间关系及振动波相对结构面入射角度有关。     

Impacts of the 2004 Tsunami on Surin Marine National Park,Thailand

The impacts of the tsunami in 2004 on the reefs in Surin Marine National Park, Thailand, varied with the location and exposure of the reefs. Channel areas between islands were severely damaged. Areas with steep reef slopes were damaged by sand slides or coral collapse more than areas with low slopes. Massive, sub-massive, and encrusting corals were more resistant and resilient to the direct impact of the tsunami than branching, tabulate, and foliose life forms whereas the latter were more tolerant of temporary coverage by sand. Sub-massive corals were the most tolerant overall and survived sand coverage, breakage, and overturning. Live coral cover measured three months after the tsunami was significantly greater than immediately post-tsunami as broken, moved, or sand-covered corals, recorded as impacted in the initial survey, had survived and were regenerating. Low turbidity, lack of pollution, and mild currents possibly contributed to rapid recovery and limited long-term effects of the tsunami. Impact assessment shortly after a major disturbance may give an initial measure of damage but subsequent surveys must be undertaken to identify long-term effects. Understanding patterns of reef damage can help to formulate reef zoning and protection strategies in response to catastrophic events, but also in advance of such events to improve likely resilience of the marine park to disturbance.     

接触网参数对接触网风致响应的影响及风洞试验验证

大风作用会使接触网发生更大更复杂的振动与风偏,为给大风区接触网的防风设计提供科学依据,采用有限元计算与风洞试验相结合的方法进行研究。利用ANSYS软件建立包括支撑结构和悬挂部分的有限元耦合模型;采用谐波合成法(WAWS)模拟针对接触网结构特点的脉动风场;通过计算不同接触网参数组合方案在风荷载下的风致响应位移,定量分析得出悬挂类型、张力组合、跨距对接触网风致响应的影响。接触网气动弹性风洞试验结果表明,接触网参数对风致响应的影响的研究结果正确。研究成果应用于兰新铁路第二双线大风区接触网系统方案设计和技术参数选择,并作为主要理论支撑之一,形成了首个国内外铁路电化行业的风区接触网装备技术条件。     

Modeling Human Vehicle Driving by Model Predictive Online Optimization

A driver model is designed which relates the driver's action to his perception, driving experience, and preferences over a wide range of possible traffic situations. The basic idea behind the work is that the human uses his sensory perception and his expert knowledge to predict the vehicle's future behavior for the next few seconds (prediction model). At a certain sampling rate the vehicle's future motion is optimized using this prediction model, in order to meet certain objectives. The human tries to follow this optimal behavior using a compensatory controller. Based on this hypothesis, human vehicle driving is modeled by a hierarchical controller. A repetitive nonlinear optimization is employed to plan the vehicle's future motion (trajectory planning task), using an SQP algorithm. This is combined with a PID tracking control to minimize its deviations. The trajectory planning scheme is experimentally verified for undisturbed driving situations employing various objectives, namely ride comfort, lane keeping, and minimized speed variation. The driver model is then applied to study path planning during curve negotiation under various preferences. A highly dynamic avoidance maneuver (standardized ISO double lane change) is then simulated to investigate the overall stability of the closed loop vehicle/driver system.     

基于响应面法的系杆拱桥吊杆初内力优化

为精确优化系杆拱桥的吊杆内力,提出基于响应面法的系杆拱桥吊杆内力优化方法,优化过程包括试验设计、有限元分析、响应面函数拟合和内力优化。以一跨72m系杆拱桥为例,选取各个吊杆初始内力作为自变量,系梁、拱肋的关键截面弯矩以及系梁关键截面位移和结构应变能作为因变量;采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法进行样本点试验设计,采用显式响应面函数拟合结构静力响应值与吊杆内力间复杂的隐式关系。确定目标函数和多约束条件,采用优化软件对多约束条件下的吊杆内力进行优化分析,给出了成桥在多约束条件下的吊杆最优初内力。研究结果表明：该方法可以很好地对系杆拱桥吊杆初内力进行优化,为系杆拱桥的设计和施工控制提供指导。