瞬态统计能量分析法中动态响应误差分析

统计能量分析方法能够有效预示舰船和车辆等结构的高频振动及噪声。本文通过建立两子结构耦合模型,利用差分法研究了瞬态统计能量分析中参数误差对子结构响应能量的影响,同时给出了参数误差与所导致能量误差的关系函数。结果表明：对于外载荷直接激励的子结构,内损耗因子和耦合损耗因子的误差都会导致被预示总能量的减小。对于外载荷间接激励的子结构,内损耗因子的误差会导致峰值能量的减小,而耦合损耗因子的误差会导致峰值能量的增加。本文内容对改进动力学系统数值模型以及提高结构振动和噪声预示精度有一定的帮助。     

导管螺旋桨敞水性能数值计算方法研究

为实现快速预报导管螺旋桨敞水性能曲线,利用 CFD流体计算软件对导管螺旋桨敞水试验进行数值模拟。将计算结果绘制成的敞水性能曲线与实验结果进行比较,并对导管螺旋桨的敞水性能进行分析,验证数值模拟计算方法的可行性与准确性。分析螺旋桨敞水工作时的推力、力矩及敞水效率的变化特点发现,随着进速的增大,导管产生的推力不断减小并在高航速下转化为阻力。研究该导管桨在系泊工况下的敞水性能指标,对系泊工况边界条件的设置进行改进。     

船舶海水管路缝隙腐蚀密封性能失效分析及其防护措施

缝隙腐蚀是一种很普遍的局部腐蚀。船舶管路通常在有海水存在的金属之间,以及金属与非金属之间构成的狭窄缝隙内发生腐蚀。B10和HDR双相不锈钢在船舶海水管路使用过程中均出现了不同程度的缝隙腐蚀。文章从腐蚀电化学的某些层面厘清缝隙腐蚀产生的机理,重点针对HDR双相不锈钢缝隙腐蚀实样进行SEM形貌分析和EDS能谱分析,得出缝隙腐蚀的成因和影响因素,并提出若干相应防护措施。     

尾轴架结构设计

尾轴架设计的好坏直接影响整个船体尾部工作状态及推进效率,而制约尾轴架设计的客观因素有很多。以某工作船为研究对象,详细介绍了尾轴架结构设计特点及其外载荷的计算方法。通过有限元模拟,分别考察和探讨了支臂的数量、支臂间夹角及支臂的剖面形状等几个方面对尾轴架强度和刚度的影响,并得出了一些结论及建议。     

多用途船舱口围设计及有限元计算

多用途船是一种能载运多种不确定性货物的船型,超大开口是此种船的最大特征。以12 500 DWT多用途船为例,阐述了大开口多用途船的舱口围结构设计。针对多用途船开口大,容易导致变形的问题,对全船舱口围进行有限元建模计算,对结构进行综合分析,探讨对强度影响比较大的工况并作有效加强,使结构设计合理化。     

Time domain analysis procedures for fatigue assessment of a semi-submersible wind turbine

Long term time domain analysis of the nominal stress for fatigue assessment of the tower and platform members of a three-column semi-submersible was performed by fully coupled time domain analyses in Simo-Riflex-AeroDyn. By combining the nominal stress ranges with stress concentration factors, hot spot stresses for fatigue damage calculation can be obtained. The aim of the study was to investigate the necessary simulation duration, number of random realisations and bin sizes for the discretisation of the joint wind and wave distribution. A total of 2316 3-h time domain simulations, were performed.In mild sea states with wind speeds between 7 and 9 m/s, the tower and pontoon experienced high fatigue damage due to resonance in the first bending frequency of the tower from the tower wake blade passing frequency (3P).Important fatigue effects seemed to be captured by 1 h simulations, and the sensitivity to number of random realisations was low when running simulations of more than 1 h. Fatigue damage for the tower base converged faster with simulation duration and number of random realisations than it did for the platform members.Bin sizes of 2 m/s for wind, 1 s for wave periods and 1 m for wave heights seemed to give acceptable estimates of total fatigue damage. It is, however, important that wind speeds that give coinciding 3P and tower resonance are included and that wave periods that give the largest pitch motion are included in the analysis.     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.     

Dynamic loading history and collapse analysis of the pipe during deepwater S-lay operation

In the deepwater S-lay operations depending on the required stinger radius and rollers configuration, relatively large plastic deformation is induced when the pipe passes over the stinger, under the combined loadings of bending, axial tension, roller reaction force and the pipelay vessel motion. The resulting plastic deformation does not vanish after the pipe leaves the stinger. It accumulates until the pipe reaches the seabed. The inherited residual deformation might reduce the collapse capacity of the pipe under the external pressure loading. The present paper investigates the dynamic loading history of the pipe during the S-lay operation based on a test-verified finite element model, and then calculates the residual plastic deformation of the pipe cross-section after the pipe reaches the seabed. Finally, the nonlinear collapse analysis is implemented based on the modified RIKS method to evaluate the capacity of the installation-induced deformed pipe. The results confirm that the deepwater S-lay operation will lead to obvious plastic deformation of the pipe, which decreases the pipe collapse capacity to some extent.     

A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

螺旋桨低频宽带噪声影响参数研究与流—声多目标优化设计

文章以谱方法为理论基础,以条带法为数值求解方法,针对Sears力响应函数引入厚度修正,建立了螺旋桨低频宽带噪声理论预报方法.通过对比10叶模型螺旋桨水筒试验数据,验证了厚度修正的效果,厚度修正后总声级误差由2 dB减少至1.1 dB.文中利用厚度修正后的预报方法,从三个层次六个方面对影响螺旋桨低频宽带噪声的参数进行研究,并实现了流-声多目标优化设计:(1)单个螺旋桨影响参数灵敏度分析:①外半径型值对总声级影响较大,而内半径几乎没有影响.②利用Sobol灵敏度分析法对两个不同叶数螺旋桨的流场参数和螺旋桨参数进行研究发现:不同桨叶下各参数影响因子几乎一致,来流速度对于螺旋桨低频宽带总声级有最大贡献,约为30％的正效应,其次是湍流度约为22％的正效应,而湍流积分长度仅占7％的负效应.(2)单个螺旋桨流—声多目标优化设计研究:以NSGA-Ⅱ为优化算法,结合非定常面元法和低频宽带噪声预报方法,实现流-声多目标优化设计.(3)多个螺旋桨相对关系稳健性分析:对不同螺旋桨低频宽带噪声相对关系稳健性进行研究,分析湍流积分长度和湍流度变化的影响.该文的研究成果为下一步将低频宽带噪声纳入螺旋桨设计考核指标奠定了理论基础.