八轮驱动行走机构越障越壕能力分析

提出一种能自行跨越宽沟槽的八轮行走机构,为确定其越障及越壕能力,在简化力学模型的基础上进行理论推导,分析行走机构尺寸参数与最大越障高度及越壕宽度的关系,并重点分析车轮与接触地面间的附着系数与行走机构越障和越壕能力的关系,从而推导出该新型行走机构可以越过的最大垂直障碍高度,以及可以跨越的最大壕沟宽度.     

保障基本机动性的中央财政公交投入机理

中央财政公交投入不到位是中国城市公交优先发展面临的重要问题,加强中央财政资金投入、完善公交财政保障体系才能确保未来城市公交发展的可持续动力。提出保障公民基本机动性平等是中央政府支持城市公交发展的重要价值基准,从法理上为中央财政承担城市公交支出责任提供依据。从基本公共服务供给最低水平均等化的角度出发,提出中央财政公交投入资金额度的测算方法,为中央财政公交投入的科学决策提供了参考依据。以2010年为目标年进行案例分析,测算得到全国保障基本机动性的中央财政公交投入总额为150.1亿元。     

越野汽车的机动性研究

研究了越野汽车机动性及其影响因素,并且基于越野汽车机动性模型对车辆进行评定。根据研究结论,对某两款越野汽车进行分析,得出其为真正意义上的高机动性越野汽车。     

Exploring public bicycle network structure based on complex network theory and shortest path analysis: the public bicycle system in Yixing,China

A well-functioning public bicycle system relates not only to its mode of operation, vehicle allocation, rental station layout and vehicle leasing configuration, but also the bicycle network structure and its formation. However, the latter aspects have been widely overlooked in China. Here, we help to further attract more researchers to conduct relevant studies and make suggestions for the development of public bicycle transport in many small and medium-sized cities across the world. We demonstrate how to explore the public bicycle network structure of a county-level Chinese city – Yixing – known for its clay ware and tourism. We show that complex network theory and shortest path analysis technology are useful in characterizing the public bicycle network structure, in aspects such as network topology, the spatial distribution of sub-networks and traffic flows. Finally, the paper proposes relevant urban planning strategies.     

The influence of e-carsharing schemes on electric vehicle adoption and carbon emissions: An emerging economy study

Moving toward sustainable mobility, the sharing economy business model emerges as a prominent practice that can contribute to the transition to sustainability. Using a system dynamics modeling approach, this paper investigates the impacts of an e-carsharing scheme in carbon emissions and in electric vehicle adoption. We study the VAMO scheme located in Fortaleza, Brazil, as the first e-carsharing scheme in the country. We study two policies combined: a VAMO planned growth policy and a retirement policy for conventional vehicles. Our results show that the VAMO incentive policy is an important factor to reduce emissions and to increase awareness of electric vehicles, highlighting the role of the government as an institutional entrepreneur, stimulating and sustaining the VAMO scheme. The retirement policy in combination with the VAMO incentive policy obtained the best results in our simulations, reducing 29% of CO₂ emissions and increasing 36% electric vehicle adoption, when compared to the business-as-usual scenario. The main conclusions are that such e-carsharing schemes offer direct and indirect benefits to urban mobility (specially to electric vehicle adoption) and that they depend on how the government supports them.     

An innovative model to estimate the accessibility of a destination by public transport

Accessibility is a valuable indicator for assessing the effectiveness of a transport network. Nevertheless, its analysis can lead to very heterogeneous results depending on the method adopted, thus still struggling to be considered by policy makers and in planning processes. This article contributes to the development of an accessibility analysis as a planning tool, by proposing an alternative model to estimate the relative accessibility of a destination by public transport (PT). Indeed, PT is a mobility paradigm that has been supported to reduce the negative externalities produced by private transport, especially in environmentally fragile contexts. The model includes a set of eleven factors affecting public transport operation which refer to four macro topics: connectivity, multimodality, tariff/ticketing, and info-mobility. They are integrated into a Public Transport Accessibility index which analyses a series of nodes along a route and detects the progressive variation of accessibility. Eventual shifts are highlighted, including information about the factors feeding them. The model is tested for the Lana-Zurich (IT-CH) connection, showing how the most relevant issues are caused by difficulties in the transnational and transregional integration of the services. Through this process, the model aims at backing policy makers in the detection and understanding of public transport barriers and related causes.     

基于Zigbee和GPRS网络的系统研究与开发

从无线传感器网络人手,提出了一种基于Zigbee和GPRS网络的系统。阐述了基于Zigbee和GPRS网络的无线传感器网络的系统结构,分析了Zigbee无线传感器节点、Zigbee汇节点和GPR．S数据模块、Zigbee汇节点和传感器节点之间基于需求时唤醒的工作模式以及Zigbee模块初始化过程。阐述了上位机软件的工作流程和监控软件的功能。     

基于上海轨道交通刷卡数据的乘客出行模式研究

乘客出行模式研究是深入认识城市交通的基础性工作,也是交通规划的重要技术支撑。基于上海轨道交通刷卡数据分析网络客流特征,以轨道交通出行全过程出行链视角对进出站客流量、站间客流量、乘距等出行要素的空间模式开展研究,发现上海轨道交通进站和出站客流量分布均呈现对数正态分布特征,乘客乘距服从负二项分布特征。研究同时发现,相比于幂律分布,上海站间客流量分布更加适合采用对数正态分布拟合。此外,工作日客流和周末客流在空间分布总体形态上较为接近,工作日客流分布更为集聚,周末客流分布则更为离散。     

机动性管理措施的质量管理——促进城市交通可持续发展的方案

机动性管理一直是欧洲促进和实现城市交通可持续发展普遍采用的方法。然而,机动性管理政策和措施在欧洲城市的发展未能遵循一个有组织且持续的方法,用以规划、设计、应用和评估综合机动性管理系统。在这一背景下,基于质量管理原则,提出一个促进城市系统地发展及实施机动性管理规划和措施的方案。这一机动性管理的质量管理方案（QMSMM）由4个主要组成成分整合而成,包括政策制定、规划、实施及监测和评估。详细阐述了QMSMM的结构、组成成分和要素,以及支撑评估该方案与城市的适用性和相容性的过程。除此之外,对QMSMM在比利时科特赖克市机动性管理计划中的应用开展实证研究。     

一种实时轨道监测无线传感器网络与服务模型研究

列车在运行时,对轨道和路基等的承载设施进行全面监测并将获取的信息实时传送给机车操控人员和列车运行监控记录装置具有重要的科研和实用意义。以此为背景,本文建立一种多网关移动条件下对线路进行实时监测的无线传感器网络模型,描述网络的结构、定义传感数据生成的服务等级划分规则和数据的传输流程。提出一种在网关运动条件下基于相对位置信息的网络功率控制方法并进行相应的通信协议设计。仿真结果表明,在选择合理的底层通信协议的条件下,该网络能够保证监测数据的可靠传输,并满足节能和实时性要求。