The effect of spring pads in the secondary suspension of railway vehicles on bogie yaw resistance

This paper deals with properties of bogie yaw resistance of an electric locomotive with secondary suspension consisting of flexi-coil springs supplemented with tilting spring pads. Transversal stiffness of a sample of a spring/pad assembly was measured on a dynamic test stand of the University of Pardubice (Czech Republic) and the results were applied into a multi-body model of the locomotive created in the simulation tool ‘SJKV’. On the basis of the simulation results, a detailed analysis of the bogie yaw resistance was performed in order to explain the effect in dynamic behaviour of the locomotive when the moment against bogie rotation (and therefore the distribution of guiding forces on individual wheels, as well) is influenced with the vehicle speed in a certain curve. Results of this analysis show that the application of suspension elements with strongly directionally dependent transversal stiffness into the secondary suspension can just lead to a dependency of the bogie yaw resistance on cant deficiency, i.e. on the vehicle speed in curve. This fact has wide consequences on the vehicle dynamics (especially on the guiding behaviour of the vehicle in curves) and it also points out that the current method of evaluation of the bogie yaw resistance according to relevant standards, which is related with assessment of the quasistatic safety of a railway vehicle against derailment, is not objective enough.     

CuSn合金接触线的特性研究

从耐摩性、抗拉强度等几个方面阐述了0.3%CuSn合金接触线具有的综合性能,引导新型接触线在我国的推广与应用。     

不利天气高速公路路况车载采集系统研究

分析了不利天气下道路安全状况评估参数及其影响因素，确定了车载路况采集系统的功能，设计了由道路能见度检测、道路环境温湿度检测、路面状况识别、路面微观形貌检测、路况数据定位与路况数据无线传输6个子系统以及检测车、电源系统等组成的路况检测系统，分析了系统设计中的一些关键技术。     

机车车辆通风用新型空气过滤器的研制

对机车车辆通风用的传统空气过滤器存在的问题进行分析,介绍一种适合机车车辆通风用新型空气过滤器的结构特点、过滤机理、主要性能及试验情况等。     

基于MR阻尼器的船用隔离器系统试验研究

随着船舶技术的发展，现代船舶对船用隔离器系统提出了越来越高的要求，即船用隔离器系统应同时具备低频减振和高频抗冲击的能力，这是传统的船用减振器系统所无法做到的．为了解决此问题，本文提出了一种新的船用隔离器系统，该系统由钢丝绳弹簧和磁流变阻尼器相并联组成．文中对该船用隔离器系统的减振和抗冲击性能进行了模型试验研究。减振试验的激振力频率为1-15Hz，力幅为2．94．11．76kN；冲击试验的最大冲击输入加速度为20g，脉宽为10ms，减振试验和冲击试验均采用MTS液压加载系统来进行．试验结果表明，该船用隔离器系统具有较好的减振效果，使用了MR阻尼器后系统得共振峰值被明显的削弱；在冲击试验中，冲击响应的衰减速度随着MR阻尼器的阻尼增加而明显加快，但是MR阻尼器再冲击瞬间的出力特性明显与低频振动情况下不同，MR阻尼器的出力表现为受控制电流强度影响不大．     

Risk and reward in public transportation contracting

The workshop discusses and documents a number of countries’ experiences regarding risk and reward in the delivery of public transport and determines the way in which competitive pressures actually work (or not) to deliver efficient and effective services. Papers are grouped into three main themes, i.e., public versus private management; negotiated versus competitively tendered contracts; and measures to improve performance. This chapter begins with a brief overview of each of the eight papers. This is followed by a section that out the discussions that emanated from the papers. Finally, the main policy and research recommendations are presented.     

Parameter optimization and parametric deviation influence for shock resistance of double-stage vibration isolation system with limiters北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］For marine nuclear power plants, the relative displacement of the pump supported by a vibration isolation system should be strictly restricted. In order to improve the shock resistance of a vibration isolation system with displacement limiters, the parameter optimization and parametric deviation influence are studied. ［Methods］The theoretical model of a double-stage vibration isolation system with typical limiter parameters is established, the analysis of the shock response characteristics of the system is carried out using the direct integration method, the optimal limiter parameters are obtained using a genetic algorithm, and the influence of parameter deviation on the shock resistance of the system is studied. ［Results］Limiter parameters significantly affect the shock response characteristics of the vibration isolation system. The optimal limiter parameters improve the shock resistance of the system, but parameter deviation has a great influence on shock resistance. Based on the influence of parameter deviation, a deviation control strategy is proposed in which the elastic parameter should have a positive deviation and the gap parameter a negative deviation. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively alleviate the shock resistance degradation caused by deviation.［Conclusions］The results of this study can be used to guide the design, manufacturing and variation control of limiters for vibration isolation systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

锌铝镁镀层钢板化学转化膜耐蚀性能研究

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)研究了锌铝镁镀层钢板合金的化学转化膜形貌和元素组成。以热镀锌钢板和冷轧钢板作为比较对象,通过电化学工作站、中性盐雾试验箱对3种合金的腐蚀行为进行对比研究。结果表明,锌铝镁镀层钢板化学转化膜结晶整体呈现为长条针状,结晶排布致密,平均晶粒尺寸约为4μm,膜重达到了3.1 g/m²。锌铝镁镀层钢板的化学转化膜中Al、Mg元素含量高于热镀锌钢板和冷轧钢板。相比而言,锌铝镁镀层钢板化学转化膜的自腐蚀电位最高,为-0.889 V,腐蚀电流和腐蚀速率均最低,分别为26.94μA和2.338×10^-3μA/cm²。在经中性盐雾腐蚀200 h后,锌铝镁镀层钢板基材腐蚀程度最小,说明锌铝镁镀层钢板的耐蚀性能优于热镀锌钢板和冷轧钢板。     

新型救生装置流场性能数值模拟研究

海洋事故的频发和传统的救生装置存在不能进行及时救援和易受环境影响的缺陷，使得救援十分困难，因此新型救生装置应运而生。本文通过对三体叉式和整体式两种不同线型的新型救生装置进行阻力性能的数值仿真，分析其在空载、搭载儿童、搭载成人和极限四种载重工况下不同速度（0.5m/s，1m/s，1.5m/s，2m/s）时的流场性能，对比两种救生装置的阻力性能，得出相较于A型三体叉式救生装置，B型整体式救生装置的侧体对装置的阻力性能影响更大，且搭载重量越大，其阻力先增后减；救生装置表面高压的分布区域会随速度变大而发生变化，由前体向侧体后移，高低压差是影响阻力大小的关键因素。本文的研究对新型救生装置的优化提供了一定的数据支撑。     

高疲劳抗力钢桥面板的疲劳问题Ⅰ：模型试验

正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳开裂问题是制约桥梁工程可持续发展的关键难题，亟需发展具有高疲劳抗力的正交异性钢桥面板。同时引入纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节和纵肋与横隔板新型交叉构造细节2类构造细节，提出了一种高疲劳抗力钢桥面板，设计了2个足尺节段模型，通过模型试验确定了纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节和新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳开裂模式和疲劳性能，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）确定了单面焊构造细节焊根和双面焊构造细节焊趾的初始微裂纹尺度；研究了纵肋与横隔板传统交叉构造细节和新型交叉构造细节的疲劳开裂模式。研究结果表明：纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于顶板焊根并沿顶板厚度方向扩展，其疲劳强度为98.7 MPa，新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于顶板内侧焊趾并沿顶板厚度方向扩展，其疲劳强度为123.2 MPa；传统单面焊构造细节焊根的初始微裂纹尺度显著大于新型双面焊构造细节焊趾的初始微裂纹尺度，初始微裂纹尺度的差异是2种开裂模式的疲劳抗力存在显著差异的主要原因；纵肋与横隔板传统交叉构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于纵肋腹板焊缝端部焊趾并沿纵肋腹板扩展，新型交叉构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于纵肋底板焊缝端部焊趾并沿纵肋底板扩展，2类构造细节的起裂次数基本一致，但新型交叉构造细节的疲劳裂纹扩展速率远低于传统构造细节；相同加载条件下，高疲劳抗力钢桥面板结构体系的疲劳寿命显著优于传统钢桥面板结构体系。