农村公路网规划建设的思考

对现有道路投资理论、道路投资主体的变化以及政府职能等影响农村道路网建设的因素进行分析,得出造成农村路网落后的原因。从政治,经济、公平等方面入手,分析农村路网规划建设的必要性以及内在规律性。     

两万吨组合列车制动特性

为了减小重载列车纵向冲动,提高列车制动特性的同步性,利用基于空气流动理论的空气制动仿真系统,计算了列车制动系统的制动管路和各缸室的瞬态气体状态,获得制动系统动态特性,预测了两万吨组合列车的紧急制动与常用制动特性,分析了制动波的传递特性。计算结果表明:两组合列车可以缩小最大制动时间差50%,如果在两组合列车尾部配置机车,最大制动时间差可以缩小75%,四组合列车最大制动时间差可以缩小75%;紧急制动波速等速前后传递,常用制动时向前传递的制动波波速要比向后传递的制动波波速小。可见,组合列车是一种改善列车制动同步性的理想方式。     

广义梯度理论中交通文化梯度的解释结构模型研究

为了对交通文化进行深入研究,作者简要介绍了广义梯度理论的主要思想及其对梯度理论的发展,并以交通文化梯度的含义和内在关系为研究对象,在广义梯度理论的指导下,找出了26个交通文化梯度因素,确定了系统各要素之间的相互关系和层级递阶结构.采用系统工程的方法,利用结构方程对交通梯度进行系统和全面的分析与研究,最终得到一个基于广义梯度理论的交通文化梯度解释结构模型.得到的模型不仅可以清楚刻画交通文化梯度各要素之间的层级关系,而且为设计交通文化梯度评价指标打下了基础.     

高速公路ETC收费模式比较与测试方法

为保证整个ETC系统的可靠运行,需要对整个系统的功能进行严格测试,测试方案包括:室内测试、现场测试、系统指标测试和软件测试等内容.分别对组合式收费方式和主副卡式收费方式两种ETC收费方式进行测试,分析比较这两种ETC方式的优缺点,以确定适合路网实际情况的方式.最后,以苏南路网为例进行验证测试,并得出验证结论.     

植被护坡设计概述

植被护坡要达到护坡和美化环境的效果,一方面要将植被防护与工程防护有机地结合起来,建立既稳固又有生态效应的防护体系,另一方面要综合考虑草、灌、花、乔等多种类植物的合理搭配,以形成优美、协调、稳定的景观.     

基于键图理论对安装EPS系统的车辆操纵稳定性的仿真分析

应用键图理论建立电动助力转向系统(EPS)的模型,将电动助力转向系统的键图模型和matlab的simulink仿真方框图相连接,并利用simulink的可视化功能实现汽车操纵稳定性的可视化仿真,仿真结果表明,将simulink仿真工具箱与键图模型相结合,可使汽车性能分析研究更为直观和简洁.     

长线法生产梯形轨枕的质量控制研究

梯形轨枕是地铁交通中的主要承重部件,它为列车及轨道结构提供平台并将集中荷载均匀分布。为保证梯形轨枕产品国产化生产效率,满足施工进度需求,研制适用于长线法工艺的可滑动模具。并通过采取模板预留反拱、对称张拉受力、更改套管定位方式等措施,严格控制产品拱度、扭曲、道钉位置。结合北京地铁7号线梯形轨枕的生产,介绍改进后长线法施工过程中的关键施工工艺及质量控制要点。实践证明通过采取上述措施,梯形轨枕产品质量大幅提高。     

The effect of attitudes toward cars and public transportation on behavioral intention in commuting mode choice—A comparison across six Asian countries

This study investigated the contribution of psychological factors in explaining the choice of transportation mode in six Asian countries. Data were collected from 1118 respondents in Japan, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The dependent variable was the intention to use one of three modes for work travel after getting a job: car, public transit, or other modes. The explanatory variables were three attitude factors taken from a previous study, including: 1/symbolic affective, reflecting affective motives of travel mode use; 2/instrumental, referring to functional attributes of travel modes; and 3/social orderliness which represents for environmental friendliness, safety, altruism, quietness et cetera. Several logit model estimates were made using the samples from the six countries separately and together. We obtained three main findings. First, attitude variables about the car were all significant determinants for the entire sample from Asian countries. Second, the social orderliness aspect of public transit was a common concern of respondents from developing countries in selecting this mode for work trips. Third, in countries in which the intent to use a car was not very high, attitude factors about the car were found to be significant determinants of the behavioral intention to commute by car but were less significant in countries in which the desire to use a car was high.     

悬浮结构铁路信号设备雷击损坏的原因分析及防护方法探讨

很多铁路信号系统,特别是轨道电路的发送、接收和CAN总线均采用悬浮结构。为了防止出现第三轨问题,雷电防护方案中只加装差模(横向)防护用SPD,共模(纵向)防护是靠系统绝缘特性来承担。可是在实际应用中出现雷击损坏现象多是因为缺少共模防护。通过科研试验数据和现场雷害调查结果,综合分析该类悬浮系统共模雷击损坏特点,并针对防止出现第三轨问题,提出新的共模雷电防护方案供大家参考。     

Experimental and finite element analysis of fatigue strength for 300 mm2 copper power conductor

The fatigue strength of a 300 mm² stranded copper conductor was investigated experimentally and by finite element (FE) analysis. An analytical model was also developed and validated. Wires taken from the outer layer of the conductor were fatigue tested in tension–tension loading and compared with similar data for wires taken from a 95 mm² conductor. The wire cross section was deformed due to the compacting process that was applied during fabrication. When corrected for stress concentrations due to the deformation the data for the two sets of wire fell within the same scatter-band. Full scale testing was carried out in a specially designed rig with constant tensile load and reversed displacement controlled bending with a fixed curvature variation. The loading is a simulation of the loading of a power cable hanging from a floating vessel through a bellmouth. Conductors were tested in two states; dry and lubricated. A finite element model was established for the copper conductor. The model was formulated by a combination of elastic beam and beam-contact elements that included the effects of friction. The effect of local bending due to contact forces was included in the model. Two contact conditions were investigated; the point (trellis) contact between adjacent layers of wire and the inline contact within each layer and between the first layer (centre wire) and the second layer. The FE model was validated by a calibration test of a full scale conductor, and by sensitivity studies varying the size and the number of elements of the model. Fatigue analysis of the conductor was carried out, based on the S–N curve for individual wires. Taking into account the effects of friction and local bending, agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental fatigue strength of the conductor, for the FE model as well as the analytical model.