Stability and bifurcation in network traffic flow: A Poincaré map approach

Previous studies have shown that, in a diverge-merge network with two intermediate links (the DM network), the kinematic wave model always admits stationary solutions under constant boundary conditions, but periodic oscillations can develop from empty initial conditions. Such contradictory observations suggest that the stationary states be unstable. In this study we develop a systematic approach to investigate the stability property of stationary states in this and other networks within the framework of network kinematic wave theories. Based on the observation that kinematic waves propagate in a circular path when only one of the two intermediate links is congested, we derive a one-dimensional, discrete Poincaré map in the out-flux at a Poincaré section. We then prove that the fixed points of the Poincaré map correspond to stationary flow-rates on the two links. With Lyapunov’s first method, we demonstrate that the Poincaré map can be finite-time stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. When unstable, the map is found to have periodical points of period two, but no chaotic solutions. We further analyze the bifurcation in the stability of the Poincaré map caused by varying route choice proportions. We apply the Poincaré map approach to analyzing traffic patterns in more general (DM)ⁿ and beltway networks, which are sufficient and necessary structures for network-induced unstable traffic and gridlock, respectively. This study demonstrates that the Poincaré map approach can be efficiently applied to analyze traffic dynamics in any road networks with circular information propagation and provides new insights into unstable traffic dynamics caused by interactions among network bottlenecks.     

Accommodating risk in the valuation of expected travel time savings

Valuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大吨位徐变仪球铰非线性接触分析

因研究桥用高强度混凝土材料徐变性能的需要,自主研制了大吨位徐变仪。对于处于接触受力状态的徐变仪球铰区域,先用Hertz接触理论估算球铰区域尺寸范围,然后利用ANSYS通用有限元软件对该区域分别取2种垫板凹槽球径的模型进行接触分析,通过对比球铰区域的最大接触压力、mises应力、第3主应力来进一步确定垫板凹槽的合理球径。用该徐变仪对2座大桥成功进行了高强度混凝土徐变试验,并实际验证了试验荷载下徐变仪球铰区域的受力性能,以及有限元接触分析结果的正确性。     

基于光纤陀螺的大跨桥梁连续线形检测技术研究

为实现大跨桥梁的结构线形快速检测,及时定位桥梁最大变形部位,采用基于光纤陀螺的连续轨迹测量技术进行桥梁线形检测技术研究。分析基于光纤陀螺传感技术开展桥梁连续线形检测的前提条件和基本原理,推导连续线形轨迹的计算公式,提出了线形检测流程及对测试结果的修正与标定方法,并在缩尺模型桥和实际大跨桥梁中进行了测试。结果表明:光纤连续线形测量系统的测试结果与传统百分表及全站仪的测试结果吻合,所测线形轨迹连续、精确,可准确定位桥梁结构最大变形部位。该技术可用于大跨桥梁连续线形的快速、准确检测。     

中央扣对大跨径自锚式悬索桥动力特性的影响

为了研究不同形式中央扣对大跨径自锚式悬索桥地震反应的影响,结合某主跨406 m的自锚式悬索桥为工程实例,利用Midas/Civil程序建立其未设中央扣、设置刚性和柔性中央扣的三种有限元模型,使用多重Ritz向量法分别得出三种模型前180阶自振频率及振型,分析对比中央扣对三种模型动力特性的影响。研究表明：中央扣的设置提高了自锚式悬索桥整体刚度;该自锚式悬索桥的竖弯刚度、主塔横向侧弯刚度都明显增大;设置刚性中央扣比柔性中央扣更能提高结构的刚度。     

基于EMD和Gabor变换的发动机曲轴轴承故障特征提取

针对发动机振动信号的非平稳特点,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和Gabor变换相结合的曲轴轴承故障特征提取新方法。通过EMD方法将发动机非稳态加速振动信号分解成多个本征模态函数(IMF),对与原信号相关性强的前4阶IMF分量进行Gabor变换,从各阶分量Gabor时频分布图的频带能量累加曲线中提取能够反映曲轴轴承磨损故障的频带能量作为故障特征参数。试验结果表明,该方法提取的故障特征参数能敏感地反映曲轴轴承的磨损状态,可作为诊断曲轴轴承故障的重要特征量。     

动力总成悬置动静刚度的应用与影响因素

对发动机动力总成悬置的动刚度和静刚度参数的确定及相互关系进行阐述,提出动力总成悬置匹配计算中关于动、静刚度的一般选取原则,指出影响动刚度值的因素主要有频率、预载荷和动态载荷幅值三个因素。     

基于模态计算和振动试验的前桥横拉杆改进设计

针对某试制阶段客车在沥青路、卵石路、石块路、搓板路等路面上进行约1万公里可靠性试验之后,前桥转阳横拉杆从中部断裂问题;对横拉杆及与其连接的摆臂进行了问题排查,给出了相应的改善方案,并对方案进行了模态计算和装车试验,结果表明：客年的前桥横拉杆加强之后,消除了因路面激励和自激频率引起的横拉杆共振问题。     

客运客车侧仓门设计浅析

对客运客车侧仓门设计结构进行了简要说明,并对平移门气弹簧进行运动力学分析。     

高寒地区沥青路面病害模式及处治对策研究

高寒地区地形、气候等自然条件特殊,随着公路建设向高海拔、寒冷地区山岭区延伸,各种沥青路面裂缝、车辙以及水损害等病害逐渐暴露出来。如何提高沥青路面的耐久性,延长路面使用寿命越来越受到重视。文章以S212线吐尔尕特至乌恰公路改建工程路面的病害调研为基础,将高寒地区气候、地质特性对沥青路面病害模式的特殊影响进行特征描述和原因分析,以此为依据找到相应的病害整治对策。