含阻振质量的L型结构在舱段壳体隔振中的应用

利用波动理论分析L型连接板转角处阻振质量阻抑振动波传递的特性,基于阻抗失配和波形转换原理,将此阻抑技术引入壳体隔振设计中,数值计算壳体隔振设计前后的振动与声辐射性能,讨论阻振质量的重量和截面尺寸对其隔振性能的影响,并在此基础上根据模态控制法进一步对壳体隔振设计进行探讨。研究结果表明：将转角含阻振质量的L型连接结构引入壳体隔振设计,不仅能有效降低动力舱段结构的振动,而且还能显著隔离振动波向邻近舱段的传递;在总的阻振质量不变的前提下,合理地布置变质量变截面的阻振质量能显著提高总的隔振降噪效果。     

加筋圆柱壳结构振动与辐射噪声关系分析

采用传递函数法和声传递矢量（ATV）得到了加筋圆柱壳从结构测点加速度到声场测点声压的声辐射传递函数,以及结构测点加速度到辐射声功率之间的传递函数。通过对两个加筋圆柱壳结构的振动与辐射噪声关系的数值分析,讨论了结构测点加速度与辐射噪声之间的相互关系,结果表明结构测点加速度与辐射声功率和辐射声压之间并非单调关系。     

高速铁路桥梁全封闭声屏障结构噪声特性

开展了高速铁路桥梁和桥梁-全封闭声屏障典型结构断面的振动和噪声测试,建立了高速铁路桥梁-全封闭声屏障系统结构噪声的快速多极边界元法(FMBEM)数值预测模型,深入分析了板件的车致振动与结构噪声辐射的相关性和时频特性,并以此验证了FMBEM数值预测模型求解结构噪声的准确性;对比分析了有、无全封闭声屏障工况下32 m简支箱形梁桥结构噪声的空间和频域分布特性,并比较了FEBEM与边界元法(BEM)的计算效率。分析结果表明：桥梁-全封闭声屏障系统板件的振动与噪声的频谱分布规律基本一致;受全封闭声屏障隔声作用和梁体遮蔽作用的影响,距箱梁底板表面0.3 m处测得的噪声信号基本反映了底板的结构噪声特性,其余测点则不同程度地受到其他板件或轮轨系统辐射噪声的影响;计算与实测噪声的幅频特性吻合较好,峰值处计算误差在1.5 dB以内;全封闭声屏障的安装导致桥梁板件的振动和结构噪声均减小,也改变了桥梁周围的声场分布特性,桥梁板件表面场点的总声压级降低了0.8 dB,梁体下方地面场点总声压级增大了4.1~9.4 dB;梁体斜上方场点总声压级增大了9.6~18.1 dB,桥梁-全封闭声屏障结构顶部局部区域的结构噪声比无声屏障的桥梁大12.4 dB以上;FMBEM计算耗时为传统BEM的1/3,计算更为高效。     

进排气系统隔声性能试验与仿真分析方法综述

总结了进排气系统隔声性能分析方法,对比了混响室法和阻抗管法测量隔声性能的适用范围,指出测量过程中产生误差的主要原因,为隔声性能测量方法的选择提供依据;同时,指出一维解析法和三维数值法都可用来分析消声器的传递损失,一维方法的使用受制于结构形状以及截止频率,三维数值方法更为实用,总结了穿孔板、吸声材料等关键部分的模拟方法,指出了目前仿真分析中存在的问题。     

高架道路减噪措施工程实例分析

首先介绍了交通噪声对周围居民和单位的生活工作产生巨大的影响,然后对道路降噪的常用方法进行了介绍,最后用外环线的降噪利用两个工程实例进行了分析研究。     

Studies on the Effect of Accelerated Thermal Aging on Electrical and Physicochemical Properties of XLPE Cable

The degradation of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation during service, such as thermo-oxidation and water treeing may lead to a premature electrical breakdown of the XLPE insulation cables. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the period of replacement to evenly distribute the replacement cost by ascertaining the deterioration degree. Estimation of the aging degree is at present the most important task for diagnosis of the residual lifetime of the power cable insulation. This paper presents a study on the changes in the dielectric properties of the thermally aged XLPE cables in the frequency range from 0.07～10 MHz. Based on electrical and physicochemical characterization, some new "dactylograms" for the thermally aged XLPE cable insulation have been proposed.     

LNG长距离管道输送保冷层厚度的计算方法

将几种计算普通绝热低温管道保冷层厚度的方法与LNG长距离输送管道的特点结合并进行分析后,建议采用费用最低的方法计算LNG长距离管道输送的保冷层厚度,同时建立了计算保冷层厚度的数学模型,并对该模型进行了分析求解。     

Visco‐elastic traffic flow model

To increase our understanding of the operations of traffic system, a visco‐elastic traffic model was proposed in analogy of non‐Newtonian fluid mechanics. The traffic model is based on mass and momentum conservations, and includes a constitutive relation similar to that of linear visco‐elastic fluids. The further inclusion of the elastic effect allows us to describe a high‐order traffic model more comprehensively because the use of relaxation time indicates that vehicle drivers adjust their time headway in a reasonable and safe range. The self‐organizing behaviour is described by introducing the effects of pressure and visco‐elasticity from the point of view in fluid mechanics. Both the viscosity and elasticity can be determined by using the relaxation time and the traffic sound speed. The sound speed can be approximately represented by the road operational parameters including the free‐flow speed, the jam density, and the density of saturation if the jam pressure in traffic flows is identical to the total pressure at the flow saturation point. A linear stability analysis showed that the traffic flow should be absolutely unstable for disturbances with short spatial wavelengths. There are two critical points of regime transition in traffic flows. The first point happens at the density of saturation, and the second point occurs at a density relating on the sound speed and the fundamental diagram of traffic flows. By using a triangular form flow–density relation, a numerical test based on the new model is carried out for congested traffic flows on a loop road without ramp effect. The numerical results are discussed and compared with the result of theoretical analysis and observation data of traffic flows. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于功率流法的振动与声辐射研究

文章以水中有限长加肋圆柱壳为研究对象,利用模态叠加法导出了在点激励作用下壳体中传播的功率流表达式,以及辐射声功率的表达式,提出了辐射因子,通过数值算例探索了三种振动波功率流在不同频段及不同位置的传播特性,并在不同频段对传播功率流作了一定简化,进一步分析了其能量传播规律。     

基于LES与Powell涡声理论的孔腔流激噪声数值模拟研究

孔腔流动中含有复杂的流体振荡,不但能够引起明显的噪声,而且会造成物体脉动压力和阻力的急剧增加,因而孔腔流动与流激噪声已经成为流声耦合研究领域的重要内容。文章首先对于Powell涡声理论进行了介绍,给出了涡声方程及其求解的详细推导过程,随后利用圆柱/机翼组合体与方腔流激噪声测试结果验证了计算方法的可靠性,最后采用大涡模拟方法结合Powell涡声方程数值计算了两型孔腔在不同水速下的流激噪声,并与中国船舶科学研究中心循环水槽试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明数值计算方法能够较准确地预报孔腔流激噪声,并能展示孔腔内外涡旋结构。计算结果表明:在500 Hz以下的低频段,格栅1型孔腔的流激噪声显著高于格栅2型孔腔;在500 Hz-10 k Hz高频段,格栅2型孔腔流激噪声比格栅1型孔腔高,但随着流速的增高,两种孔腔流激噪声在高频段的幅值基本一致。这些现象与孔腔内的涡旋结构密切相关。文中对孔腔流激噪声的数值预报方法进行了验证,有益于理解孔腔非定常流动的物理机理,且为抑制孔腔流激噪声奠定了基础。