基于多传感器递推总体最小二乘融合的水下机器人动力学模型参数辨识

对于水下机器人动力学模型辨识问题,如果其观测方程的系数矩阵包含随机扰动,则其最小二乘估计一般是有偏的。为此,该文提出一种基于多传感器递推总体最小二乘融合的水下机器人动力学模型辨识算法(RTLS_F)。首先,给出了集中式总体最小二乘融合的算法;然后,在总体最小二乘框架下,推导出多传感器递推融合估计算法。通过仿真实验对RTLS_F与其它水下机器人动力学参数辨识算法进行了比较。实验结果表明,在系数矩阵和观测向量都含有误差的情况下,最小二乘融合是有偏估计且难以提高估计精度,而RTLS_F算法可以有效改善参数辨识性能。     

复合材料吸声系数的理论计算及性能分析

不同噪声环境中的降噪需求不同,为根据噪声频谱合理设计复合吸声材料,基于穿孔板及多孔吸声材料的吸声原理,提出了改进的声-电类比法,推导出复合吸声材料吸声系数的理论计算公式.利用该种计算方法,通过数值仿真深入分析复合吸声材料内外层穿孔率,多孔材料厚度,空腔变化对吸声性能的影响,分析表明第1层板穿孔率及多孔材料厚度影响较大.最后用声学实验对计算结果进行验证,表明改进的声-电类比法有效.     

基于运行模态分析的船舶推进轴系状态监测

论文提出一种基于运行模态分析(OMA)的新的船舶推进轴系状态监测方法。论文以船舶推进轴系试验台为试验对象,获取轴系运行时不同加载工况下的扭振信号,利用基于数据的随机子空间法(DD-SSI)识别扭振的固有频率,并与已知的试验模态分析(EMA)识别的轴系静态时同一加载工况下的结果进行对比,验证运行模态分析识别结果的准确性,并研究不同加载工况下轴系扭振固有频率随加载工况的变化规律。试验结果表明,运行模态分析能够准确识别轴系的扭振固有频率,且扭振固有频率的增量与加载量呈正相关,因而运行模态分析可以用作一种新的船舶推进轴系状态监测方法。     

Heat Release Rate and Temperature Field of a Bus on Fire北大核心CSCD

Bus fires are a common source of fires that occur in tunnels and are a huge threat to the safety of the tunnel structure and related personnel. An elaborate numerical simulation model of a bus is established considering the different combustion characteristics of the bus body, seats, decorations and baggage. For fires occuring at the bus head, middle part or back seat, the temperature field, heat release rate (HRR) and characteristics of the fire are ana-lyzed. The HRR calculation formula is obtained by superimposing a Boltzmann curve on a Gaussian curve. The re-sults show the peak and average values of a bus HRR are 48 MW and 8.1 MW, respectively, and the released energy due to combustion is 14.5 GJ; the maximum burning temperature reaches 1 040℃ and the temperature near the door can reach 60℃ after 120 sec. The temperature rises fastest at the bus door when the fire occurs at the rear of the bus and it has a high chance of detonating the fuel tank. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

电磁兼容中有关电磁屏蔽的设计及工程计算方法的研究

为了确定电磁屏蔽的屏蔽设计效能,本文采用电磁场传播理论和原理,计算了吸收损耗、反射损耗、二次或多次反射损耗修正系数等以及铜金属板和铁磁金属板的不同频率下的屏蔽效果、多层屏蔽体的屏蔽效果。计算结果显示：屏蔽效能值除了与屏蔽体的材料、结构形式等有关外,还与电磁场源的类型、场源到屏蔽体的距离、电磁场源的频率等有关。     

使用相位共轭阵列进行声源定位的相关参数研究

基于相位共轭方法采用离散阵列对用于声源定位的相位共轭阵列参数进行了数值计算研究,研究了阵元间距、阵列面积、声源频率和阵列形式等对声场聚焦幅值和空间尺寸大小的影响.数值计算结果表明:采用平面阵列,为突破声波衍射极限,阵元间距应为△≤0.5λ,最优的阵元间距为0.15λ.在近场基于声压梯度测量使用偶极子源的相位共轭阵列,阵列边长满足a≥1.4λ即可,并且随着频率升高,相位共轭声场的幅值增大,得到的相位共轭分辨率降低.对于阵列形式,采用十字交叉阵列可用较少的阵元个数就可以突破衍射极限.如果阵列与声源为共形面,推导出相位共轭声场幅值与声源的辐射声功率成比例,文中还计算并验证了相位共轭声场幅值与辐射立体角的关系.     

基于信息论准则的信源数估计改进算法研究

MDL准则和AIC准则是基于信息论准则的信号源数目估计算法。针对其只适用于白噪声背景而不适用于色噪声背景的限制提出了两点改进,首先根据信号协方差矩阵特征值大小分布特点提出一种减小色噪声背景下信号协方差矩阵噪声特征值发散程度的特征值校正算法。该算法可以明显改善色噪声背景下噪声特征值的特性,使其接近白噪声条件下特征值的特性,利用校正后的特征值,MDL准则和AIC准则可以进行色噪声背景下的信源数目估计。然后为了提高检测精度,采用了基于MDL准则和AIC准则函数比值的估计方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明,改进后的MDL准则和AIC准则可以有效估计色噪声背景下的信号源数目,并且性能优于适用于色噪声背景的盖尔圆算法。     

Numerical Analysis and Comparison of the Fan Ducted Discharge Equipment Acoustics

In order to cut down excessive experiments, acoustic response of the different fan ducted discharge equipment was studied based on numerical method. The sound pressure level(SPL) in each component of a ductplenum-reverberant room model was drawn and SPL deviation was analyzed. The trends of the curves were explained by the diffracti on and end reflection at the duct discharge. Models with different room dimensions, duct lengths, duct cross sections, duct locations and duct elbow were constructed, and their response was analyzed and compared. The results show that the SPL curves are smooth in the duct discharge cross section, but seriously fluctuant in the reverberant rooms SPL in the duct discharge is only sensitive to duct dimensions, while that of the reverberant room is regularly influenced by all the dimension and arrangement factors. Small room and short duct help to increase room SPL. Elbow has an indistinct influence on all the components‘ sound field. Finally, suggestion to reduce the deviation of experiment results was proposed.     

谈成教班二手车鉴定与评估课程教学改革

成人继续教育是我国高等教育的一个重要组成部分,如何提升成教班课堂教学质量,将有助于成人继续教育的发展.成教班通常由不同学校、不同专业的学生组成,学生的学习能力和专业知识水平差异较大,普通的本科课堂教学方法不一定能取得较好的效果.本文针对车辆专业专升本班级的《二手车鉴定与评估》课程,根据学生的自身情况与需求,采用"类比法...     

水运工程施工危险源辨识研究初探

根据水运行业施工的特点,按照国家和行业有关规定及标准,提出了水运工程施工危险源辨识的依据和方法,为进一步制定适合政府监管的行业管理办法和适合施工企业管理的行业标准提供了依据。