晋豫鲁铁路通道南吕梁山隧道水文地质条件研究

南吕梁山隧道修建关系到龙子祠泉域水环境的改变与否,可能影响临汾市的工农业用水问题。通过测区的水文地质的综合勘察与研究,基本查明了隧道通过区域的水文地质条件,特别是奥陶系灰岩饱水带水位与隧道洞身埋深的相对关系,详细论证了隧道修建对沿线居民用水及水环境的影响程度,明确了隧道与龙子祠泉域水环境的空间立体关系。     

荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被表层土壤颗粒的空间异质性

以河西走廊荒漠-绿洲过渡带为研究区域,采用土壤分析筛和地统计学的方法,对研究区典型样地斑块植被表层土壤颗粒的组成特征及其空同异质性进行了研究,结果表明：1）不同粒径范围的土壤颗粒质量含量不同,其中细砂（0.25～0.075 rmm）占总土粒质量的75.135 9％,中砂（0.5～0.25 rmm）占13.273 0％,而粗砂（d＞0.5mm）和粉砂（d＜0.075 mm）的含量相对较少,分别只占5.189 5％和6.401 6：2）不同粒径范围的土壤颗粒空间异质性不同,其中粒径1mm≥d＞0.1 mm的土壤颗粒空间异质性的99.6％～88.8％是由空间自相关因素引起的,随机因素起的作用较小,其它粒径范围的土壤颗粒空间异质性的95.1％～100％是由随机因素引起的,而空间自相关因素的作用很小;3）粒径1mm≥d＞0.1 mm的土壤颗粒含量的最优拟合理论模型为曲线模型,空间异质性尺度在24～36.3 m之间,其它粒径范围的土壤颗粒含量的最优拟合模型为线状模型或块金模型,空同异质性尺度较大,均为146.36m.研究结果为进一步探讨荒漠-绿洲过渡带土壤空同异质性与植被空同格局的关系提供依据.     

凸包内空间散乱点集Delaunay四面体角度剖分算法

提出空间散乱点集Delaunay四面体剖分的一种新算法,定义了一个新的Delaunay四面体判定标准即最大球缺角,并在Fortran平台上实现了这种算法,验证算法的准确性和高效性,对于解决空间De-launay四面体剖分来说是一个新的计算思路。将Delaunay四面体的判定改进为量化的判定,这样的判定方法相对以前的方法更容易、更快捷。     

The Role of Spatial Data Management Strategies in ICZM in Ireland

This article explores how a fresh approach to integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in Ireland might be forged through the identification of a number of key innovative cross-sectoral professional initiatives and interdisciplinary academic thinking in this sector. It includes three interlinked research themes that assess existing cross-sectoral data management issues (to include an assessment of readiness for the INSPIRE and compliance with the Re-use of Public Sector Information European Union Directives), the degree of cross-pollination between the various sectors involved in managing the Irish Coastal Zone (to identify the need (or otherwise) for capacity- building to encourage cross-fertilization of ideas, skills, and knowledge exchange), and cross-professional competencies (to assess the desire/need (if any) for those working in coastal zone management to add to their existing competencies through continuous professional development or lifelong learning opportunities). Indeed, the specific competencies for coastal practitioners are identified here and these further illustrate the need for professional recognition of the role, responsibilities, and therefore the requirement for an appropriately qualified “Coastal Manager” professional, one that is seen not merely as a nicety but rather a necessity—a core enabler in any future innovative and integrative management approach.     

Tracks to Change or Mixed Signals? A Review of the Anglo-Saxon Literature on the Economic and Spatial Impacts of High-Speed Rail

ABSTRACT

The economic development and spatial impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) are quite varied and mixed. Studies of economic impacts of HSR fall into two categories: predictions and empirical observations. We first review studies that examine predicted HSR impacts related to job growth, real estate development, and other economic effects. These are followed by studies examining observed effects of realized projects using the same categories. Several patterns emerge. Predictive studies are largely optimistic of the rail's positive effects. On the other hand, observational studies tend to identify both benefits and shortfalls. Yet, neither of these patterns are universal and depend on a number of other factors. One consistent pattern is that gains associated with HSR appear to be stronger in first-tier cities. Nevertheless, certain small towns and second-tier cities have undergone noteworthy transformations as a result of HSR, especially where the public sector has actively pursued new investment.     

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以铁路为主导的综合交通枢纽是国家综合运输网络体系中的重要节点,同时也是城市交通网络的重要组成部分.本文以铁路为主导的大型综合交通枢纽为研究对象,选取与北京具有较强可比性的世界城市东京作为对比,在研究两个城市空间圈层结构划分及相应交通体系的基础上,系统梳理了东京综合交通枢纽的发展历程,并从综合交通枢纽与城市功能布局的协调关系、综合交通枢纽与周边土地利用的关系以及综合交通枢纽的精细化设计等方面,分析了东京综合交通枢纽的特点及北京综合交通枢纽发展中存在的差距.最后,结合北京城市空间结构调整及未来城市交通发展的需求,从理念、规划和建设等层面提出了北京综合交通枢纽发展的几点建议.     

An examination of the differential impact of highway capital investment on economically disparate Appalachian counties in the USA

Abstract

The economic performance of Appalachian counties in the USA varies substantially across the region. The Appalachian Regional Commission has divided the 410 counties into four major categories: distressed, transitional, competitive, and attainment. This paper applies spatial models that account for spatial interdependence to evaluate the impact of Appalachian highways on economically disparate counties. Using a spatial autoregressive model in a production function framework, it is found that distressed counties gain from highways whereas competitive counties actually suffer from a negative backwash effect that tends to draw productive activity away from these counties into neighboring counties.     

国土空间规划新形势下的轨道交通规划变革和对策

在国土空间规划新形势下,从轨道交通作为国土空间高品质发展重要支撑要素的角度,以宁波市轨道交通线网规划为例,探讨未来轨道交通规划在规划理念、手段、范围、体系4个方面的变革和对策,认为在规划理念上要遵循全面均衡发展的要求,在规划手段上要遵循"存量规划",思维更多采用"提质增效"措施,在规划范围上要拓展至区域以实现"多网融合...     

空间圆管桁架混凝土组合梁受力性能试验研究

空间圆管桁架混凝土组合结构是一种新型组合结构,为了解其受力特点、破坏机理、变形能力、管桁架杆件的内力分布规律及界面相对滑移等,设计制作了2根弦杆未填充混凝土的不同混凝土翼板厚度的空间圆管桁架混凝土组合梁模型试件,采用三分点对称加载,对其进行受力性能试验研究。研究表明,在对称荷载作用下,组合梁的破坏形式为弯曲破坏,同时伴随有受拉腹杆节点焊缝的强度破坏;空间圆管桁架组合梁具有良好的承载能力和变形能力,相同荷载下,混凝土板厚的组合梁的承载能力高于板薄的组合梁;组合梁破坏时,其跨中挠度约为跨径的1/200;不考虑界面相对滑移的情况下,截面应变满足平截面假定;加载前期,支点截面界面相对滑移量大于 L/8截面,而加载后期,L/8截面界面相对滑移量大于支点截面;腹杆为非轴心受拉或受压杆件,且跨中位置腹杆的轴力较小,梁端位置腹杆的轴力较大。     

基于模态滤波的板壳类结构空间均方振速估算方法

针对船舶、航空航天等工程领域中板、壳类结构振动噪声评价问题,将广泛应用于控制工程中的模态滤波理论引入到结构振动评估领域,建立了一种估算结构空间均方振速的新方法.该方法的特点是能在激励源信息未知的情况下,以布置在结构表面有限个振动传感器测量得到的振动响应作为主要输入,估算板、壳类结构的空间均方振速,从而评价结构的整体振动状态.依据该方法对一矩形平板结构受点力、线力和面力等3种典型的激励源作用下,通过少量结构振动测点的振动信息,分别对其空间均方振速进行了数值验证;同时利用一水下加肋圆柱壳结构进行了试验验证.数值和模型试验验证结果表明：利用该方法评估得到的振动速度谱线特征与精确解和实测值基本一致,评估误差在2 dB以内,满足工程应用精度要求.该方法可以应用于工程中板、壳类结构振动噪声评价和振动状态的在线监测评估.