对地铁信号系统列车运行速度制约因素的探讨

信号系统是保障地铁运行安全及提高运行效率的重要设备,列车超速防护功能是信号系统一个非常关键的功能。信号系统防护下的列车运行速度由车辆、线路、轨道、限界及信号系统等条件共同决定。由于相关专业对信号系统安全制动模型不了解,在实际工程中易造成"速度浪费"现象。从信号系统安全制动模型的原理出发,对车辆、线路、轨道、限界等专业对列车运行速度的制约因素进行分析,提出建议。     

Detection of nonlinearity effects in structural integrity monitoring methods for offshore jacket-type structures based on principal component analysis

The detection of changes in the dynamic behavior of structures is an important issue in structural safety assessment. The development of detection methods assumes greater significance in the case of offshore platforms because the inherent problems are compounded by the harsh environment. Here, we describe an instrumented physical model for the structural health monitoring of an offshore jacket-type structure and the results of tests in several different damage scenarios. In a comparative investigation of two different methods, we discuss the difficulties of implementing damage detection techniques for complex structures, such as offshore platforms. The combined algorithm of a fuzzy logic system and a model updating method are briefly discussed, and a method based on stochastic autoregressive moving average with exogenous input is adopted for the structure. The consideration of uncertainties and the effects of nonlinearity were major objectives. So, the methods were also investigated based on the test scenarios consisting of the physical model with a geometric nonlinearity. The principal component analysis method was utilized for the detection of nonlinearity in the recorded data. The results show that the developed methods are suitable for damage classification, but the quality of the acquired signals must be considered an important factor influencing successful classification. The development of these methods may be extremely useful, as such technologies could be applied for offshore platforms in service, enabling damage detection with fewer false alarms.     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

基于灰色理论的雪山梁隧道施工过程渗漏水水源识别研究

为了解决黄龙景区雪山梁隧道开挖过程中的涌水水源识别问题,结合黄龙景区雪山梁隧道的相关施工资料,依据已有的地质资料和涌突水预测,通过水分析化学实验,采用灰色理论计算方法研究不同水系之间的关联度;而后针对单一水源和混合水源分别进行试验和分析,得出雪山梁隧道出口段内渗漏水来源最可能为大气降水,关联度较高的还有淘金沟上游水系和隧道出口处水系;最后进行比对,得出隧道渗漏水主要来源是大气降水和淘金沟上游水体的结论,并依据现场资料及实地踏勘,验证了灰色理论分析结果的可靠性。     

多元评价体系组合模型在铁路隧道变形预测中的应用

为克服传统预测模型结构单一、预测精度及稳定性不足等缺陷,提出多元体系组合预测模型的建模思路。首先,基于支持向量机、BP神经网络及ARMA模型3种单一预测模型,构建铁路隧道变形预测体系;再以均方根误差、误差平方和及平均绝对误差等为评价准则或指标,构建各预测结果的误差评价体系,求解各单项预测模型的权值贡献指数,得到最优组合权值;然后利用后验差检验、残差检验和关联度检验构建预测精度校验体系,对组合预测结果进行检验,评价预测模型的有效性;最后,结合工程实例,对多元体系组合预测模型在特大断面隧道中的变形预测效果进行检验。结果表明:多元评价体系组合模型预测相对误差值均小于2%,具有较高的预测精度,且较单一预测模型具有更高的预测精度,也一致通过相关检验,验证了多元体系组合预测模型的有效性。     

基于小波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识方法研究

针对混合动力汽车(HEV)行驶状况(道路坡度和整车载荷)变化难以有效识别,导致驱动系统控制策略不能有效满足驾驶员意图问题,以混联式HEV为研究对象,提出了基于小波滤波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识方法。首先建立了汽车行驶状况辨识模型,采用最小二乘法确立了优化目标函数,其次研究了基于小波滤波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识原理,最后进行了行驶状况粒子群智能算法辨识试验。在采集实车数据的基础上,对实车数据进行小波滤波,并运用行驶状况辨识方法对道路坡度和整车载荷进行了辨识,并对辨识结果进行小波滤波,结果表明,试验工况下整车载荷辨识的相对误差绝对平均值为2.71%,道路坡度辨识的相对误差绝对平均值为3.85%,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

双车道公路危险路段评价指标与安全改善对策

选取相邻路段车速差△V、车速降低系数SRC和速度离差作为鉴别双车道公路危险路段的三个评价指标,从道路工程措施和交通安全设施两方面对事故多发路段进行安全改善对策研究。以内蒙古S203公路为例,利用评价指标进行危险路段判析,针对K465＋900急弯陡坡危险路段,通过线形改造以及设置交通标志标线、减速设施、避险车道和防护设施等一系列工程改造措施,进行安全改善综合方案设计。     

互通立交平面线形设计的经验探讨

通过设计工作的实践,探讨互通立交平面线形设计的具体步骤、操作方法和注意事项,并对匝道线元参数的取值、线元参数与运行速度的关系、线形设计的连续性与协调性等方面提出了一些见解。     

射频识别技术在物流工程中的应用研究

简要介绍了射频识别技术的工作原理和优点,综述了射频识别技术在国内各个领域的主要应用,最后指出了当前射频识别技术所存在的主要问题。     

自行车流视频识别判断方法研究

考虑算法的实时性,交通流个体识别往往采用轮廓特征来描述。由于自行车与行人的很多轮廓特征值相近,在复杂城市交通环境中,从慢行交通流中准确地识别出自行车是目前采用视频检测交通流的难点之一。通过现场视频检测获取足够的样本外轮廓数据,分析检测目标轮廓的高、宽、高宽比、面积等典型轮廓特征,发现目标轮廓高宽比特征能较好地识别出行人、自行车等慢行交通,并给出合适的取值范围。研究表明自行车高宽比能够较好地成为视频识别的依据,为自行车视频识别提供数据。