基于快速终端滑模自抗扰的船舶曲线航迹跟踪控制

针对欠驱动船舶的曲线航迹跟踪问题,首先采用自抗扰控制技术,通过扩张状态观测器实时估计和补偿系统的内部和外界扰动,将非线性快速终端滑模引入误差反馈控制环节,并采用幂指数趋近律,设计出快速终端滑模-自抗扰控制律,提高系统的收敛速度和误差跟踪精度,减小系统的抖振;然后对野本船舶模型简化变形,构造降维方程,将航迹跟踪问题转化为航向镇定问题.Simulink仿真结果表明,控制器能够实现船舶对期望曲线航迹的快速、精确跟踪,具有良好控制效果.     

The influence of bus service satisfaction on university students' mode choice

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bus service satisfaction and the transport mode of choice among university students in Qatar. The degree of bus service satisfaction was collected directly from questionnaire surveys, in which university students were asked questions in relation to their satisfaction with the bus service they used and their transport mode of choice. These questions were categorized into three factors according to confirmatory factor analysis: service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of drivers. Furthermore, the students were asked which mode of transport they used given the choice between public and private transport. This study presents a structural equation model to determine how much bus service satisfaction affects people's decisions about their transport mode. The results from the analysis showed that three key factors—namely, service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of bus drivers—were strongly correlated to the mode of choice. In particular, the bus stop was strongly associated with ease of use, shade, cleanliness, safety, and crowdedness level, while the bus itself influenced reliability, travel time, and frequency. Complying with traffic laws and the driver's attitude were also important contributors to the level of bus service satisfaction. Ultimately, this study will be beneficial for policy/decision‐makers. It will allow them to determine what needs to be accomplished to encourage people to use public transportation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design and validation of a slender guideway for Maglev vehicle by simulation and experiment

Normally, Maglev (magnetic levitation) vehicles run on elevated guideways. The elevated guideway must satisfy various load conditions of the vehicle, and has to be designed to ensure ride quality, while ensuring that the levitation stability of the vehicle is not affected by the deflection of the guideway. However, because the elevated guideways of Maglev vehicles in South Korea and other countries fabricated so far have been based on over-conservative design criteria, the size of the structures has increased. Further, from the cost perspective, they are unfavourable when compared with other light rail transits such as monorail, rubber wheel, and steel wheel automatic guided transit. Therefore, a slender guideway that does have an adverse effect on the levitation stability of the vehicle is required through optimisation of design criteria. In this study, to predict the effect of various design parameters of the guideway on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle, simulations were carried out using a dynamics model similar to the actual vehicle and guideway, and a limiting value of deflection ratio of the slender guideway to ensure levitation control is proposed. A guideway that meets the requirement as per the proposed limit for deflection ratio was designed and fabricated, and through a driving test of the vehicle, the validity of the slender guideway was verified. From the results, it was confirmed that although some increase in airgap and cabin acceleration was observed with the proposed slender guideway when compared with the conventional guideway, there was no notable adverse effect on the levitation stability and ride quality of the vehicle. Therefore, it can be inferred that the results of this study will become the basis for establishing design criteria for slender guideways of Maglev vehicles in future.     

A new shared control for lane keeping and road departure prevention

In recent years, the driver's active assistances have become important features in commercialised vehicles. In this paper, we present one of these features which consists of an advanced driver assistance system for lane keeping. A thorough analysis of its performance and stability with respect to variations in driver behaviour will be given. Firstly, the lateral control model based on visual preview is established and the kinematics model based on visual preview, including speed and other factors, is used to calculate the lateral error and direction error. Secondly, and according to the characteristics of the lateral control, an efficient strategy of intelligent electric vehicle lateral mode is proposed. The integration of the vehicle current lateral error and direction error is chosen as the parameter of the sliding mode switching function to design the sliding surface. The control variables are adjusted according to the fuzzy control rules to ensure that they meet the existence and reaching condition. A new fuzzy logic-based switching strategy with an efficient control law is also proposed to ensure a level of continuous and variable sharing according to the state of the driver and the vehicle positioning on the roadway. The proposed control law acts either at the centre of the lane, as a lane keeping assistance system to reduce the driver's workload for long trips, or as a lane departure avoidance system that intervenes for unintended lane departures. Simulation results are included in this paper to explain this concept.     

国内外公路隧道火灾排烟设计理念比较

目前,普遍采用的排烟模式有纵向排烟模式和集中排烟模式,其烟气控制原理与适用范围各不相同。国内外公路隧道火灾排烟设计理念差距较大,国内（除香港外）公路山岭隧道普遍采用纵向排烟模式,而欧美发达国家则更趋向于采用集中排烟模式。相比纵向排烟模式,集中排烟模式虽然会增加工程投资,但是其排烟效果和防灾能力具有明显优越性。     

当前汽车行业中采用电装模式的探讨

通过介绍当前汽车行业中所主要采取的虚拟制造和电子样机的电装两种模式应用现状以及所存在的问题,指出当前汽车企业合理的电装模式应该是电子样机,同时也对当前国内汽车行业电装工作的方式、方法进行了一定探讨。     

基于电子商务农产品物流组织模式实施的保障措施

发展农产品物流是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及面广,制约因素多。针对中国农产品物流发展存在着的成本偏高、效率较低、社会化和市场化程度低、物流设施和技术落后、人才缺乏、信息不畅等问题,根据我国农产品物流组织模式的发展趋势和农产品市场供求状况,提出电子商务环境下农产品物流组织模式实施的保障措施,可为加快我国农产品物流发展提供一定的理论指导和决策参考。     

时空信息多模式融合模型应用研究

给出了时空多模式融合模型(MM模型)的实用建模方法.利用华北地震和北京SARS 2个时空数据集对MM模型进行了建模应用和性能评价,与单纯神经网络模型相比,MM模型的预测准确性与预测趋势变化的能力均有所提高.分析表明,利用MM模型对不同类型时空过程建模时,不同分量信息所起到的作用并不相同.     

车用质子交换膜燃料电池性能仿真与试验研究

总结了燃料电池极化曲线的半经验公式,利用某80kW质子交换膜燃料电池试验数据来拟合公式中的相关系数,同时利用Matlab/Simulink软件建立了质子交换膜燃料电池堆的仿真模型,为燃料电池发动机系统的仿真和分析提供了一个重要工具。通过此模型可以研究燃料电池电堆的运行参数如气体压力、温度、当量比等对电堆性能的影响,从而有助于研究整个燃料电池发动机系统的性能。     

钻孔灌注桩桩端破坏模式及极限承载力研究

在Mindlin解的基础上,采用数值积分的办法,计算了桩端的应力状态。根据莫尔-库仑破坏准则得出了桩端的破坏面形状以及极限端阻力。并具体分析了桩端破坏面形状以及极限端阻力与桩长、桩径、土性等因素的关系:桩端埋深越大,桩端破坏面稍偏大,对应的极限端阻力越大;桩径越大,破坏面越大,但是,桩端极限承载力却越小;内摩擦角越大,破坏面越大,桩端极限承载力也越大;粘聚力越大,破坏面越小,桩端极限承载力越高;泊松比越大,破坏面越大,桩端极限承载力越大。拟合了一个包含上述影响因素在内的极限端阻力简化公式。最后通过一些工程实测结果分析出了经验系数的取值范围。