Driver fatigue: a vision-based approach to automatic diagnosis

In this paper, we describe a system that locates and tracks the eyes of a driver. The purpose of such a system is to perform detection of driver fatigue. By mounting a small camera inside the car, we can monitor the face of the driver and look for eye movements which indicate that the driver is no longer in condition to drive. In such a case, a warning signal should be issued. This paper describes how to find and track the eyes. We also describe a method that can determine if the eyes are open or closed. The primary criterion for this system is that it must be highly non-intrusive. The system must also operate regardless of the texture and the color of the face. It must also be able to handle changing conditions such as changes in light, shadows, reflections, etc. Initial experimental results are very promising even when the driver moves his/her head in a way such that the camera does not have a frontal view of the driver’s face.     

Exchange rate and transport cost sensitivities of bilateral freight flows between the US and China

This paper explores the long-run impacts of gross domestic product, exchange rate, and transport costs on bilateral air and ocean freight flows between the US and China. The study employs a cointegration framework by using export and import data over the period of 2003:Q1-2014:Q2. Results show that gross domestic product is the key determinant of bilateral freight flows, indicating that real income of a trading partner is a driving force of the bilateral freight flows between the US and China. In examining the sensitivities of the bilateral trade flows, air freight flows are found to be more responsive to a real income change than ocean freight flows. The bilateral exchange rate is a significant factor affecting the freight flows from China to the US, suggesting that a US dollar appreciation against the Chinese yuan increases the inflows of Chinese commodities to the US. The impacts of the bilateral exchange rate and transport cost are found to vary at industry and commodity levels. These findings support the importance of employing disaggregate data in the bilateral freight flow analysis.     

新疆阿拉山口地区盐渍土盐胀与溶陷特性研究

以阿拉山口市—温泉县—G30公路建设项目为依托,通过控制变量法研究冻融循环次数、含盐率、含水率及荷载对盐渍土盐胀和融陷变形量的影响情况。试验结果表明:在进行盐胀试验时,盐胀性随着盐渍土含水率的增加逐渐增大;随着含盐率的增加,盐渍土盐胀特性也更明显;随着温度的降低,盐渍土盐胀量也逐渐增大,但当含盐率和含水率到达一定程度后,盐胀量则不会随着温度下降而增大;在进行溶陷试验时,在不考虑含盐量的情况下,各组土体均随着含水率增高而沉降量越大;在荷载相同的情况下,含盐量越大,沉降量越大;随着压力的增加,盐渍土仍会发生较大沉降。     

回填土区深层搅拌桩和高压旋喷桩复合地基的静承载性能

结合实际工程现场静载试验,采用有限元计算方法研究了桩长和桩土模量比对深层搅拌桩和高压旋喷桩复合地基在回填土中的桩体承载特性、荷载传递及复合地基变形特性的影响。结果表明,在回填土区,深层搅拌桩以桩体上部破坏为主,增加桩长不能有效地提高复合地基承载力,增加桩体强度尤其是上部桩体的强度则能够较大地提高复合地基承载力,高压旋喷桩可有效增强回填土地基的承载力。提出的桩体弹性模量取值范围可供设计参考。     

压弯荷载作用下圆截面混凝土桩的损伤分析

运用Lem aitre损伤规律对土木工程中使用的混凝土圆截面桩受压弯荷载下进行损伤分析,推导了无量纲轴向力和无量纲弯矩的表达式,计算了不同失效应变对应的弯矩规律,以及不同失效应变和中性轴的无量纲位移之间的关系。分析结果可作为估算实际工程中混凝土圆截面桩抗弯承载力的参考依据。     

A tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel independent brake from moderate driving to limit handling

This paper presents a tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel braking for enhanced performance from moderate driving to limit handling. The proposed algorithm adopted hierarchical structure: supervisor – desired motion tracking controller – optimisation-based control allocation. In the supervisor, by considering transient cornering characteristics, desired vehicle motion is calculated. In the desired motion tracking controller, in order to track desired vehicle motion, virtual control input is determined in the manner of sliding mode control. In the control allocation, virtual control input is allocated to minimise cost function. The cost function consists of two major parts. First part is a slip-based tyre friction utilisation quantification, which does not need a tyre force estimation. Second part is an allocation guideline, which guides optimally allocated inputs to predefined solution. The proposed algorithm has been investigated via simulation from moderate driving to limit handling scenario. Compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce tyre dissipation energy in the moderate driving situation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm enhances limit handling performance compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system. In addition to comparison with Base and direct yaw moment control, comparison the proposed algorithm with the control algorithm based on the known tyre force information has been conducted. The results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is similar with that of the control algorithm with the known tyre force information.     

城市轨道交通车辆能耗计量及管理系统

介绍了城市轨道交通车辆能耗计量及管理系统的结构、功能.城市轨道交通车辆能耗计量及管理系统采用六通道能耗计量装置和RFID(射频识别)列车定位技术,实现了对地铁车辆能耗的分类计量.建立GPRS(通用分组无线服务)无线传输数据机制和地铁车辆能耗管理平台,处理并存储能耗数据,自动生成曲线和统计报表,实现地铁车辆能耗信息化管理.该系统已在上海轨道交通1号线01A02车型上试点应用,基本功能已得到验证.     

提升正立式结构摩托车前减震器装配一次合格率的探讨

减震器是摩托车中仅次于发动机的关键部件，其示功特性与前弹簧共同作用直接影响摩托车的减振效果和舒适性。受国内零部件加工尺寸离散率较大的影响，导致产品装配一次合格率仅为80％左右。通过采取一系列相应措施，并对供应商进行指导和提升，确保了配套件的产品质量，逐步修订了关键尺寸的公差范围，提高了减震器的一次装配合格率。     

动应变测量在桥梁动挠度识别中的应用分析

随着桥梁的发展,桥梁的问题也逐渐增多,近年来,我国出现了多起桥梁安全事故,主要是因为桥梁的变形产生,而挠度为桥梁变形的指标,故研究梁的挠度识别很重要。首先,通过分析和介绍位移模态理论与应变模态理论的异同点,以及应变模态理论得到梁的应变模态的表示,在此基础上,提出了互关函数在梁动挠度识别中的应用。然后,通过以实际工程为研究对象,按照1∶10的比例建立桥梁实验模型,桥梁模型全长10m,截面积为2.52cm^2,高50mm,将其分成20段,每0.5m为一个单元,计算其挠度。最后,进行实际桥梁验证,将实际桥梁的测量值与桥梁模型的挠度计算值进行对比。通过实验得到,对梁施加脉冲荷载研究其动挠度的识别值与精确值之间的吻合度,并且得到测量点的布置对吻合度的影响。对梁施加动荷载,即EL CENTRO地震波,通过对比研究动荷载作用下,动挠度的识别值和精确值之间的吻合度,得到互关函数法在动挠度中的应用,对同类型的研究具体一定的参考价值。     

三峡库区船舶碰撞能量损失方法的研究

采用外部碰撞力学方法计算2艘2 000 t级化学品船以不同速度,不同碰撞角,在不同碰撞点相撞后的能量损失,并利用显示动力有限元软件LS_DYNA模拟2艘化学品船在能量损失最大情况下碰撞的响应.