市政双层交通桥梁结构体系选型

基于节约用地以便为城市发展腾出更大空间的设计理念,许多市政工程采用了双层桥梁的结构形式.对常见市政双层交通布置在桥梁结构体系中的实现方式进行了梳理、总结与拓展,并结合工程实例介绍了双层桥梁的结构选型思路,可为类似桥梁设计提供参考.     

H ∞ parameter identification and H 2 feedback control synthesizing for inflight aircraft icing

Aircraft icing accident happens frequently. Researchers try to find new ways to solve this problem. The study is facing the direction of intelligent inspection and control system. Previous studies focused on the principle of aircraft icing and its effects on flight performance. The onboard icing detection equipment can only give the qualitative icing information, but cannot effectively describe how serious the consequences would be. If the icing detection equipment fails, it will cause a serious threat to flight safety. This paper reviews the smart icing system and its fundamental principle. Then based on H∞ theory, an aircraft icing parameter identification method is introduced, and its feasibility is verified by simulation results. Moreover, this method can work normally under noise interference and measurement error. Icing parameter identification method can also test part of aircraft’s stability or control derivatives which would be changed obviously after aircraft icing. Classified by neural networks, the stability or control derivatives’ variation can be mapped to ice parameters’ variation that reflects the severity of aircraft icing. Then H2 state feedback control is designed originally to suppress the impact of noise interference, so aircraft can keep steady after it is iced. Seeing from simulation result of the whole system, it is clear that the system can effectively detect icing parameters and by using feedback control system, it can ensure the safety of aircraft in the flight envelope.     

Unraveling the relationship between trip chaining and mode choice: evidence from a multi-week travel diary

Abstract

Trip chaining (or tours) and mode choice are two critical factors influencing a variety of patterns of urban travel demand. This paper investigates the hierarchical relationship between these two sets of decisions including the influences of socio-demographic characteristics on them. It uses a 6-week travel diary collected in Thurgau, Switzerland, in 2003. The structural equation modeling technique is applied to identify the hierarchical relationship. Hierarchy and temporal consistency of the relationship is investigated separately for work versus non-work tours. It becomes clear that for work tours in weekdays, trip-chaining and mode choice decisions are simultaneous and remain consistent across the weeks. For non-work tours in weekdays, mode choice decisions precede trip-chaining decisions. However, for non-work tours in weekends, trip-chaining decisions precede mode choice decisions. A number of socioeconomic characteristics also play major roles in influencing the relationships. Results of the investigation challenge the traditional approach of modeling mode choice separately from activity-scheduling decisions.     

A型地铁车辆ZMA080型转向架悬挂系统

ZMA080型转向架是在SF2100改进型地铁转向架的基础上设计的A型地铁车辆转向架。文章主要介绍ZMA080型地铁转向架悬挂系统的技术参数与及各部件的结构和功能特点。     

半刚性基层沥青路面横向裂缝的演变规律

为了研究沥青路面横向裂缝的演变规律,依托江苏省高速公路历年的检测数据,选取部分路段进行精细化跟踪观测,考虑了环境和材料等因素的影响,分析了横向裂缝密度随路龄的演变规律,建立了演变模型,进行了预测分析。结果表明,横向裂缝受低温的影响较大;与AK-13或PAC-13相比,上面层材料采用SMA-13时裂缝密度较小;横向裂缝的宏观演变规律呈现出初步发展、稳步发展、快速发展的三阶段特征,可以使用结构行为方程表征;当路面养护及时时,裂缝发展较慢,方程参数β值较小。     

沉管隧道柔性接头压缩性能研究

柔性管节接头是沉管隧道的重要组成部分，接头的压缩性能决定了沉管接头的水密性能及安全性，但目前针对沉管隧道柔性接头压缩性能的研究相对缺乏，接头压缩性能参数的取值缺乏试验结果的支撑。基于此，以港珠澳大桥沉管隧道为研究背景，设计了几何比尺为1：10的隧道管节和接头模型，并进行了大比尺结构试验和止水带材性试验。通过对沉管隧道管节柔性接头逐级施加轴向荷载，试验获得了接头轴向位移随轴向荷载的变化曲线，并与止水带材性试验结果进行了对比分析，揭示了柔性接头的非线性压缩性能：接头压缩性能受GINA止水带自身压缩性能影响；相比材性试验，结构试验结果中接头压缩量普遍偏小2~3 mm，相对差异可达21%。为了进一步验证试验结果，分别建立了二维和三维止水带有限元模型，通过对比试验结果与有限元计算结果，分析并量化了试验中支座摩擦、止水带长度、形状及其横向约束等对试验结果的影响规律。量化分析结果显示，支座摩擦、止水带长度及横向约束对试验结果影响较小，可忽略不计，但止水带纵向尺寸对结构压缩性能影响较为显著，结果相差最大达到8.8%。最后基于试验结果提出了一种可用于模拟沉管接头压缩性能的简化力学计算模型，亦可应用于其他柔性接头的轴向力学分析。     

高速公路扩建工程中新路填筑对老路影响的参数分析

道路扩建中加宽路堤的填筑将会改变原有路堤及地基的应力场和应变场,引起老路的附加差异变形。采用弹塑性有限元参数分析方法探讨了不同加宽路堤宽度、不同软土层厚度、不同的新老路堤刚度比时加宽路堤的填筑对老路变形规律的影响。计算结果表明:拓宽路堤的填筑将会引起老路不同位置的过大附加差异沉降,导致路面横坡比改变值超过路面结构的容许值,从而引起路面结构性破坏和路面服务性能的降低。因此,必须采用合适的软基处理方案对加宽部分软基进行处理。     

波形钢腹板PC连续箱梁公路桥的结构特点

介绍了国内建成的波形钢腹板PC连续箱梁公路桥-泼河大桥的主梁结构、波形钢腹板和剪力连接件设计，为将这种新型组合箱梁结构应用于国内桥梁工程提供经验。     

汽车机加件表面几何状态参数含义及工艺分析

简述了机加件表面形状、波纹度和粗糙度3个要素的特点、形成机理以及对产品性能的影响。介绍了法国标致雪铁龙公司(PSA)机加件表面几何状态标准中粗糙度、波纹度和支承率等各个参数的含义及各个参数分析与计算方法,及如何根据不同配合表面的功能需要正确选择评定表面质量的微观参数。通过汽车零部件中一些典型零件表面的粗糙度、波纹度及支承率等参数标注的具体实例,解释了粗糙度等各种参数在产品中所表示的意义,及在产品开发、工艺改造、现生产质量控制中如何理解这些标注。     

青海积石峡电站对外公路黄河大桥设计简介

针对连续刚构结构受力特点,对不对称连续刚构桥梁特性进行分析、计算。以青海积石峡电站对外黄河公路大桥为例,验证分析、计算方法的可靠性。通过结构受力计算、整体稳定性,为今后国内设计和修建非对称、特殊荷载的连续刚构桥梁提供一定的设计经验。