襄阳至常德铁路引入宜昌地区方案研究

根据宜昌地区铁路现状及总图规划,考虑相关项目实施,针对襄常至常德铁路引入宜昌地区方案,从地区车流特点、客运格局、引入地区方案进行逐层分析,从城市规划、运输组织、施工条件、长江桥位、环境影响、工程投资、地方意见等方面进行综合经济技术比较,推荐采用小鸦路站位·并行宜万铁路桥位方案。     

Aligning the purchase of green logistics practices between shippers and logistics service providers

This paper explores shippers’ (i.e. logistics buyers) and logistics service providers’ (LSPs) perceptions of green concerns under diverse contractual settings during the key phases of the logistics purchasing process: request for proposal, negotiations, contracting and execution. Accordingly, it derives recommendations that could increase the actors’ inter- and- intra-organisational alignment on green targets throughout these phases. Empirical data are obtained from eight individual cases of three shippers and five LSPs, representing the buyer/seller roles within logistics arrangements. Contrary to previous literature holding the view that setting more green demands by shippers would guarantee green outcomes, the findings show that shippers’ green demands may hinder green logistics applications due to impediments to LSPs’ asset-sharing strategies. Also, a deadlock situation is revealed in the negotiations phase, where both actors await each other to introduce additional demands/offers—calling for further regulatory intervention to release this deadlock. Moreover, this paper shows how a mismatch of interests in contractual periods between shippers and LSPs can obstruct green investments—signalling that the green criterion is not the decisive factor in shaping shippers’ outsourcing strategies. The findings also stress a lack of follow-up efforts by shippers on green measures that were specified pre-contract, attributing this to contrasting intra-organisational objectives within shippers’ firms. This paper contributes to the green logistics purchasing literature by revealing how different contractual settings play an important role in shaping shippers’/LSPs’ perceptions of green concerns during the logistics purchasing process. Further, it is one of the first studies to provide phase-specific recommendations to increase the actors’ alignment on green targets.     

DInSAR技术在成昆铁路复线路基及边坡垂直变形监测中的应用

针对常规铁路路基及边坡垂直变形监测技术效率较低、局限性较大的问题,本文将合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,DInSAR)技术引入铁路路基及边坡的垂直变形监测中。以成昆(成都-昆明)铁路复线越西段一处(R1区域)路基及边坡为依托,利用4期ALOS-2卫星PALSAR-2高分辨率合成孔径雷达影像,研究DInSAR技术在路基及边坡监测中应用的可行性。结果表明:在监测的126 d内,R1区域地表垂直变形速率为0.12^-0.13 mm/d;以水准测量监测结果为真值,经误差分析得出DInSAR监测中误差为7.57 mm;在污水处理厂的应用实践证明,雷达影像与高分辨率遥感影像、无人机影像等光学影像的互补使用是解决铁路工程领域监测问题的有效途径;DInSAR监测得到的点(像元)密度远大于水准点的密度,能更好地反映区域性地表变形的细节特征。     

舰船轴系扭振测量及校准研究综述

扭振是舰船传动系统的关键参数之一，直接表征了轴系运转的稳定性和可靠性，对及时发现并消除轴系故障具有重要意义。随着舰船轴系扭振测试需求逐渐由离线分析向长期在线监测发展，对扭振量值的准确性要求愈来愈高。本文综述了当前扭振测试的方法以及误差消除、信号校正等提高测量精度的方法，指出了当前扭振测量方法与实际需求的差距，并比较了电子式校准和机械式校准两种校准方式的优缺点及适用范围，展望了舰船扭振测量校准的发展方向。     

Identifying the spatial distribution of public transportation trips by node and community characteristics

ABSTRACT

Identifying the spatial distribution of travel activities can help public transportation managers optimize the allocation of resources. In this paper, transit networks are constructed based on traffic flow data rather than network topologies. The PageRank algorithm and community detection method are combined to identify the spatial distribution of public transportation trips. The structural centrality and PageRank values are compared to identify hub stations; the community detection method is applied to reveal the community structures. A case study in Guangzhou, China is presented. It is found that the bus network has a community structure, significant weekday commuting and small-world characteristics. The metro network is tightly connected, highly loaded, and has no obvious community structure. Hub stations show distinct differences in terms of volume and weekend/weekday usage. The results imply that the proposed method can be used to identify the spatial distribution of urban public transportation and provide a new study perspective.     

封一/四

自21世纪以来，中国国民经济飞速发展，地上空间资源的利用日趋饱和，城市面临着“摊大饼”式快速扩张问题。随着地下隧道、地下车站、地下综合体等重点地下工程项目的建设，地下工程呈现出微变形、小间距、大断面、大埋深、高精度、长距离和超大规模等特点，面临着“水、软、变形难以预测”三大技术难题，严重影响了地下空间的发展，给我国地下工程施工技术与施工装备带来了严峻挑战。为此，总结分析了近年来地下空间尤其是城市地下空间近接施工技术、施工装备和数智化技术等方面的技术进展与创新，详细分析了软土富水地层位移和变形控制技术，提出富水地层冻结技术和跨地铁运营隧道综合辅助施工控制技术；介绍了集合人工智能、物联网等新一代前沿技术和隧道装备核心共性技术，以及具有绿色化、智能化且具有自主知识产权的典型超级地下工程装备。从设计、施工、监测、运维4个方面介绍了现代地下空间数智化技术的特点以及应用情况。强调通过地下空间信息的共建共享，构建可视化的地下空间信息平台，是实现“透明地下空间”的基础；对复杂地质条件灾害的预警与控制，是地下工程安全建设的有力保障；基于物联网、大数据等现代信息技术的控制管理系统，是支撑智慧城市基础设施安全的关键；并指出未来地下工程需加强数智化技术应用，实现整个建设过程的精细化、数字化、智能化以及信息化。     

The impacts of connected vehicle technology on network-wide traffic operation and fuel consumption under various incident scenarios

ABSTRACT

Incidents are a major source of traffic congestion and can lead to long and unpredictable delays, deteriorating traffic operations and adverse environmental impacts. The emergence of connected vehicles and communication technologies has enabled travelers to use real-time traffic information. The ability to exchange traffic information among vehicles has tremendous potential impacts on network performance especially in the case of non-recurrent congestion. To this end, this paper utilizes a microscopic simulation model of traffic in El Paso, Texas to investigate the impacts of incidents on traffic operation and fuel consumption at different market penetration rates (MPR) of connected vehicles. Several scenarios are implemented and tested to determine the impacts of incidents on network performance in an urban area. The scenarios are defined by changing the duration of incidents and the number of lanes closed. This study also shows how communication technology affects network performance in response to congestion. The results of the study demonstrate the potential effectiveness of connected vehicle technology in improving network performance. For an incident with a duration of 900?s and MPR of 80%, total fuel consumption and total travel time decreased by approximately 20%; 26% was observed in network-wide travel time and fuel consumption at 100% MPR.     

表面改性剂对橡胶垫板动态性能的影响

通过掺加不同表面改性剂制作了5种配方试样,采用橡胶加工分析仪,材料疲劳试验机和冲击回弹试验仪,研究了有无表面改性剂以及不同种类表面改性剂对橡胶垫板动态性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:加入表面改性剂后,配方1(基准配方)到配方5(表面改性剂为LONSIL 4C)橡胶动静刚度比、损耗功和力学损耗角正切tanδ均依次减小;配方1到配方5储能模量依次减小,Payne效应越来越不明显;配方1到配方5橡胶材料回弹性依次增大;动静刚度比与损耗功、回弹性和tanδ均有很好的相关性.在试验室可以用测试回弹性或损耗功,或tanδ代替测试动静刚度比,以降低低动静刚度比橡胶垫板的研发成本.     

Ⅲ型弹条扣压力测试方法

现有e型弹条扣压力测试有2种方法:通过加载使弹条向下产生一定位移时进行测定(方法1);通过提升使弹条向上产生一定位移时进行测定(方法 2)。分别采用2种方法测试不同安装距离下Ⅲ型弹条的扣压力并分析扣压力与安装距离的关系。结果表明:采用方法 1时安装距离为8,10,20 mm测得的弹条扣压力均满足标准要求,弹条扣压力随安装距离的增大而增大;采用方法 2时安装距离为8,10 mm测得的弹条扣压力满足标准要求,安装距离为20 mm时不满足要求,弹条扣压力随安装距离的增大而减小。采用方法2进行扣压力测试时须严格保证弹条与安装座距离处于8~10 mm。