Total dynamic response of a PSS vehicle negotiating asymmetric road excitations

A planar suspension system (PSS) is a novel automobile suspension system in which an individual spring–damper strut is implemented in both the vertical and longitudinal directions, respectively. The wheels in a vehicle with such a suspension system can move back and forth relative to the chassis. When a PSS vehicle experiences asymmetric road excitations, the relative longitudinal motion of wheels with respect to the chassis in two sides of the same axle are not identical, and thus the two wheels at one axle will not be aligned in the same axis. The total dynamic responses, including those of the bounce, pitch and the roll of the PSS vehicle, to the asymmetric road excitation may exhibit different characteristics from those of a conventional vehicle. This paper presents an investigation into the comprehensive dynamic behaviour of a vehicle with the PSS, in such a road condition, on both the straight and curved roads. The study was carried out using an 18 DOF full-car model incorporating a radial-spring tyre–ground contact model and a 2D tyre–ground dynamic friction model. Results demonstrate that the total dynamic behaviour of a PSS vehicle is generally comparable with that of the conventional vehicle, while PSS exhibits significant improvement in absorbing the impact forces along the longitudinal direction when compared to the conventional suspension system. The PSS vehicle is found to be more stable than the conventional vehicle in terms of the directional performance against the disturbance of the road potholes on a straight line manoeuvre, while exhibiting a very similar handling performance on a curved line.     

Simultaneous observation of the wheels’ torques and the vehicle dynamic state

The goal of the present study is to show how it is possible to estimate online the individual torques applied at each wheel of an automotive vehicle by using an unknown input observer together with a simple nonlinear state-space model. The necessary measurements are the steering angle, the usual rotation speed of each wheel plus the vertical load at the centre of each wheel. By doing this, this study anticipates the affordability of a new generation of wheel bearing with embedded measurements of transmitted forces. Successful simulated experimentations using a realistic simulator are shown. Validations are done using classical case studies of longitudinal, lateral and coupled dynamics. The present limits and some possible improvements of the proposed method are also discussed.     

Decoupled 3D moment control using in-wheel motors

Vehicles equipped with in-wheel motors are being studied and developed as a type of electric vehicle. Since these motors are attached to the suspension, a large vertical suspension reaction force is generated during driving. Based on this mechanism, this paper describes the development of a method for independently controlling roll and pitch as well as yaw using driving force distribution control at each wheel. It also details the theoretical calculation of a method for decoupling the dynamic motions. Finally, it describes the application of these 3D dynamic motion control methods to a test vehicle and the confirmation of the performance improvement.     

A novel fuzzy logic correctional algorithm for traction control systems on uneven low-friction road conditions

The traction control system (TCS) might prevent excessive skid of the driving wheels so as to enhance the driving performance and direction stability of the vehicle. But if driven on an uneven low-friction road, the vehicle body often vibrates severely due to the drastic fluctuations of driving wheels, and then the vehicle comfort might be reduced greatly. The vibrations could be hardly removed with traditional drive-slip control logic of the TCS. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic controller has been brought forward, in which the vibration signals of the driving wheels are adopted as new controlled variables, and then the engine torque and the active brake pressure might be coordinately re-adjusted besides the basic logic of a traditional TCS. In the proposed controller, an adjustable engine torque and pressure compensation loop are adopted to constrain the drastic vehicle vibration. Thus, the wheel driving slips and the vibration degrees might be adjusted synchronously and effectively. The simulation results and the real vehicle tests validated that the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable for a complicated uneven low-friction road.     

Indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement and derailment evaluation

Wheel set flange derailment criteria for railway vehicles are derived and the influence of wheel–rail contact parameters is studied. An indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement based on these derailment evaluation criteria is proposed. Laboratory tests for the calibration of strain–force devices on the bearing box are carried out to determine the relationship between the applied force and the measured strain. The simulation package, SIMPACK, is used to develop a passenger car model to generate wheel–rail forces and vibration signals. Different cases are considered in this model to provide an accurate validation of the identified wheel–rail forces. A feasibility test is conducted in the Beijing Loop test line using a passenger car equipped with a set of strain gauges on the wheel set. The comparison of the force time history applied to the instrumented wheel set and that obtained using the indirect method is presented.     

牵引网微机保护整定的探讨

通过对牵引网负荷电流、短路电流中的谐波含量的分析和存在的谐波含量的不同点,利用两种电流中的综合谐波含量作为控制量,可以大大提高牵引网距离保护、高阻接地保护躲过牵引重负荷,再生负荷,启动电流及励磁涌流的能力,对于保护整定,通过探讨提出了整定原则和方法。     

下穿黄河砂卵石地层盾构隧道管片结构受力特征现场测试

为研究砂卵石地层中管片的力学行为,以兰州地铁1号线穿黄段为研究对象,采用改良的测试传感器走线方式,对管片内力及外部水压力进行现场测试,并进行相应的数值模拟。将现场测试数据与数值模拟结果对比分析,得出如下结论:1)外部水压力及管片内力受盾构施工影响最为显著的范围为距掌子面3~5环,在此范围内应加强对受拉区的监测,并采取相应措施防止管片在施工初期破损;2)外部水压力及管片内力在距掌子面6~13环时受施工影响逐渐降低,距掌子面13环后趋于稳定;3)运用梁-弹簧模型设计管片是偏于安全的,但应充分考虑施工荷载。     

墙背填料为砂性土的短卸荷板式挡土墙离心模型试验

本文利用离心模型试验技术对短卸荷板式挡土墙进行了试验分析，在墙背填料为砂性土的情况下，通过对墙体位移的控制，得到了主动极限状态下的墙背土压力及卸荷板上的土压力的大小和分布。     

铁路轨道刚度的确定方法

对轨道合理刚度问题进行分析,阐述轨道容许变形量与轨道部件容许应力相互平衡关系以及维修工作量与行车舒适性相互制约关系。给出三种确定轨道整体刚度的方法,钢轨允许应力法、轨道允许变形法和临界速度法。论述部件刚度合理匹配关系。从安全和控制维修的角度,提出基于合理变形确定轨道部件刚度的方法,即变形分配法。应用所提出的方法,对高速铁路轨道刚度问题进行探讨,建议采用轨道允许变形法和变形分配法确定高速铁路轨道整体刚度和部件刚度。给出我国高速铁路在车辆轮载作用下轨道刚度的建议值,轨道整体刚度100kN·mm-1、钢轨支座刚度37kN·mm-1、轨下垫板和道床刚度74kN·mm-1。     

挤扩支盘灌注桩承载特性试验研究

挤扩支盘灌注桩是一种具有高承载力和低沉降量特性的新型桩。本文在采用自平衡法静载荷试验的基础上,分别对浙江嘉兴和湖州两个工程中的同一场地挤扩支盘灌注桩与普通直孔灌注桩进行对比试验研究。结果表明,在同等工程地质条件下挤扩支盘桩提高承载力可达75.3%,并能减少沉降和缩短桩长,具有良好的经济效益。此外,对挤扩支盘桩的承载力公式进行讨论并提出建议,对该新型桩在工程上的应用提供了理论依据和参考。