软土地基水下真空预压固结离心模型试验

采用新发明的真空吸水系统应用于离心机中,可以使土体产生向上渗流并模拟软土地基真空预压。为获得理想的水下真空预压固结对比效果,竖井采用2种不同井间距的砂井,密封膜采用完全覆盖的形式。用发明的装置产生水下真空得以模拟软土水下固结行为。介绍了模型制作、试验程序及真空发生系统,并分析了孔隙水压力、变形、不排水剪切强度的改变和不同井间距对固结速率的影响。     

某工程软基加固未达设计要求的原因分析及建议

目前,软土地基真空预压加固技术的应用已非常广泛,结合天津临港工业区某工程实例,分析其软基加固未达到设计要求的主要原因是CV和CH取值偏大;吹填土层厚度、含水率、砂垫层重量和有关规范公式计算精度等也是影响固结度的原因,并提出改进软基加固的建议,可供类似工程参考。     

新近吹填淤泥形成超软土地基的加固处理方法

针对某港区新近吹填淤泥形成的超软土地基,在施工机具和设备均无法进入的情况下,先采用直排式真空预压法在场地表面形成具有一定承载力的硬层,再按常规真空预压法进行二次处理,采用这种新方法处理后的软土地基承载力可提高到80 kPa,地基加固处理的效果显著.     

直排式真空预压法加固高黏性超软吹填土室内模型试验研究

大连某港区高黏性超软吹填土采用常规真空预压和堆载预压处理效果不佳,为寻求解决方案,采用直排式真空预压法进行了室内模型试验,通过不同排水体、不同排水间距的室内对比试验和综合分析,得出采用直排式真空预压法加固高黏性超软吹填土时排水体间距起主导作用的结论。     

真空预压法地下水位变化室内试验研究

采用简化模型,通过改变模型开口处土工布的渗透系数,对真空预压加固软基过程中加固区地下水位的变化情况进行室内试验模拟,得到真空预压过程中地下水位下降的结论.同时拟合试验数据得到H-(-1gK)曲线,可知土体的渗透系数越小,加固区水位下降值越大.试验表明:真空预压加固软基时应考虑周边地下水对加固区域的补给,并需对加固区周边密封设计制定出新的标准.     

饱和过湿土含水量控制的室内模型试验

为探讨降低潮湿多雨地区饱和过湿土含水量的方法及效果,通过室内模型试验,对真空预压排水法和电渗排水法的降水效果进行了对比分析.试验结果表明:2种方法都能有效降低饱和过湿土的含水量,达到排水固结效果,但土样中含水量降低程度的空间分布都存在不均匀性;采用真空预压法时,上下各层的含水量变化不大,固结效果相对较均匀.     

异步真空预压法处理超软土的室内试验及机理*

针对真空预压处理超软地基过程中出现的排水板滤膜外土颗粒聚集现象,提出并通过室内试验研究一种新型真空预压方式——异步真空预压法。该法对相邻的竖向排水体在同一时间下施加不同的真空度,实现对超软土的异步真空吸水预压,缓解因土颗粒单向迁移造成排水体滤膜及膜外土体的淤堵。通过室内试验发现,真空度调节对真空预压的处理效果具有明显影响,同时,异步吸水真空预压排水量是常规真空预压的1.1倍,效果优于常规真空预压;通过对异步真空预压法的机理分析,认为异步真空预压法可保持零速面移动范围内的细颗粒含量,防止细颗粒的过量迁移,有助于缓解超软土的固结排水中的淤堵问题。     

真空预压中地下水位变化的研究

分析真空预压中地下水位变化的研究现状,指出目前研究存在的问题。在土水势概念的基础上,以工程应用为目的,定义了地下水位。从真空预压加固地基的机理出发,分析了不同水流边界和不同渗透性的地基土在真空预压处理中地下水位变化的可能情况。通过分析指出,真空预压过程中,地下水位不可能下降,地下水位不变和上升是可能的;认为真空预压兼有降水预压的双重效果是不合理的。在此基础上进一步总结了真空预压法的加固机理。最后探讨了真空预压中地下水位的量测方法。     

真空-堆载联合预压下地基抗剪强度计算的研究

在深入分析真空预压加固机理及地基强度增长理论的基础上，对真空-堆载联合预压与堆载预压地基土体的抗剪强度增长差别进行分析，并在堆载预压抗剪强度计算公式的基础上，应用此差值推导出正负压联合作用下的真空-堆载联合预压地基抗剪强度计算公式。     

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.