���ǿɳ�����չ�Ľ�ͨ�������˫��ģ�����㷨

研究了考虑可持续发展的混合型交通网络设计问题的优化模型和算法. 利用双层规划模型描述问题,其中上层模型是以方案总投资费用和汽车废气排放量最小化为优化目标,并受占用土地规模和路段负荷度的约束,下层模型为确定型的交通网络平衡配流模型. 使用路段等级决策变量将问题离散化,并基于模拟退火算法和基于路径的梯度投影算法进行模型求解. 算例计算表明,优化后的交通网络不仅拥堵状况得到显著缓解,而且路网内汽车废气排放量下降幅度也非常明显. 这都证明本文所提出的双层规划模型和求解算法是一种研究可持续发展环境下交通网络设计问题的有效方法.     

基于“可持续发展工程”理念的城市桥梁技术展望

该文简要分析了城市桥梁技术发展所面临的形势与需求;基于"可持续发展工程"理念,提出了城市桥梁应该推动发展的桥梁集约化建设技术、组合结构和预制拼装桥梁技术、特殊桥梁设计技术、桥梁耐久性技术等内容;从理论研究与设计方法、结构的改进与开发以及施工技术等方面,分析论证了应该关注的主要技术问题。     

新疆公路建设项目可持续发展综合评价研究

随着新疆地区公路建设的快速发展,实现公路建设项目的可持续发展成为了一项重要的研究课题。通过阐述公路建设项目可持续发展的内容,概括项目可持续发展评价的主要原则和内容,分析项目可持续发展的各项影响因素,总结评价流程,并结合新疆地区的特点建立的项目可持续发展评价指标体系,其有效性经实例得以验证。     

Sustainable Governance of Norwegian Aquaculture and the Administrative Reform: Dilemmas and Challenges

This article discusses the impact of the Norwegian government's administrative reform on the management of the Norwegian aquaculture industry and coastal areas. The 2010 reform of government administration strengthened the County Councils’ role in issues of aquaculture at the expense of the regional offices of the Directorate of Fisheries. The aim of the reform was to increase self-governance through decentralization. However, international trends in coastal zone and marine resource management are moving in the opposite direction, aiming at more integrated and ecosystem-based approaches involving the management of larger, rather than smaller, geographic regions. This article examines the possible effects of this reform in light of the move from government to governance, and in the context of a broad policy shift toward a more integrated, ecosystem-based management (EBM) of the coastal zone. Based on insights from multi-level and coastal zone governance debates, we argue that an unintended consequence of the Norwegian administrative reform could be increased fragmentation of the aquaculture governance system, as well as a reduced capacity to implement EBM-related measures. At the same time, the reform might improve coastal zone planning, although a further step toward integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) would require a greater delegation of authority to the County Councils.     

Bike Share: A Synthesis of the Literature

This paper begins by providing an overview of bike share programs, followed by a critical examination of the growing body of literature on these programs. This synthesis of previous works, both peer-reviewed and gray, includes an identification of the current gaps in knowledge related to the impacts of bike sharing programs. This synthesis represents a critically needed evaluation of the current state of global bike share research, in order to better understand, and maximize the effectiveness of current and future programs. Several consistent themes have emerged within the growing body of research on bike share programs. Firstly, the importance bike share members place on convenience and value for money appears paramount in their motivation to sign up and use these programs. Secondly, and somewhat counter intuitively, scheme members are more likely to own and use private bicycles than nonmembers. Thirdly, users demonstrate a greater reluctance to wear helmets than private bicycle riders and helmets have acted as a deterrent in jurisdictions in which helmets are mandatory. Finally, and perhaps most importantly from a sustainable transport perspective, the majority of scheme users are substituting from sustainable modes of transport rather than the car.     

Workplace travel plans: can they be evaluated effectively by experts?

Employers are regularly involved in transport planning and characteristic workplace-oriented tools include: (1) travel plans for building projects, (2) mandatory travel plans, (3) subsidies to employers with an advanced travel plan and (4) best travel plan awards. In all cases, experts judge the level of car use. We argue that decision-makers might benefit from a multiple regression-based benchmark modelling tool that estimates the expected share of the car. In this paper, we estimate the share of car users in the commuting modal split at workplaces. However, since the amount of information available to experts differs, we gradually add information to the model to measure the impact of data availability. Without historic data on modal split, the current share can only be predicted moderately well, i.e. within a 20% range. Besides adding the past, results improve by using homogenous and regional subsamples. Nevertheless, quantitative analyses do not make expert knowledge obsolete.     

新形势下的基础设施投融资改革初探——城市轨道TOD实践带来的启示

基础设施项目建设对国民经济的拉动效应显而易见,轨道交通建设给城市发展带来更多的机遇和挑战。地方政府在轨道建设前期如何前瞻规划、统筹安排和有效整合沿线资源,探索适合的建设模式对实现项目的可持续发展至关重要。以深圳地铁6号线为例,借鉴香港"轨道+物业"轨道发展经验,通过优化轨道交通沿线土地利用布局和开发强度,实践轨道交通TOD开发模式。阐述城轨TOD与香港地铁"轨道+物业"的理念,分析香港地铁"轨道+物业"模式在大陆应用存在的问题,介绍"轨道+物业"理念在深圳地铁6号线规划研究中的应用成果,将"轨道+物业"的模式与传统模式进行对比,总结城市轨道交通TOD模式成功实施的重要条件。最后对国内城轨TOD成功实施提出一些建议:创新城市轨道交通沿线土地出让和储备机制,探索城市轨道交通和城市空间规划接驳机制,完善城市轨道交通管理体制机制,完善政策及技术规范支撑,加强法规制度保障等。     

辽宁省旅游产业可持续发展对策研究

旅游产业的持续健康发展,是推动国民经济发展、提高人民生活质量的重要保证。文章分析了辽宁旅游产业发展现状,并从制定特色发展规划、营造良好管理环境、提升从业人员素质、深度开发旅游资源等方面做了论述。     

地方特色高职院校可持续发展策略研究

近年来,我国的高职教育取得了飞速发展。相应的,高职院校之间的竞争也日趋激烈。可持续发展的理念也从经济管理领域引入到教育领域。文章对可持续发展这一概念的内涵进行了分析界定,并在此基础上系统概括了地方特色高职院校可持续发展的关键影响因素,最后提出了地方特色高职院校可持续发展的几条具体策略途径。     

公共自行车文献综述

对公共自行车系统进行总体概述,并针对相关文献进行批判性检验。基于以往同行评议文献及灰色文献,对与公共自行车系统影响相关的认知缺陷进行分析。当前亟须针对全球公共自行车研究进行评估,该综述旨在更好地了解及加强当前和未来公共自行车系统的实施效率。越来越多的研究聚焦于公共自行车系统,主要议题集中在以下方面。首先,公共自行车使用者认为方便性和低支出是注册并使用该系统的重要原因。其次,与固有观念相反,公共自行车系统用户比非用户更倾向于拥有和使用私人自行车。第三,当法律强制要求佩戴头盔时,公共自行车使用者比私人自行车使用者更不愿佩戴头盔。最后,从更重要的可持续交通角度而言,大量公共自行车系统使用者选择该方式取代可持续交通方式而非小汽车出行方式。