Can regional transportation and land-use planning achieve deep reductions in GHG emissions from vehicles?

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) must be cut 40–70% by 2050 to prevent a greater than 2 °Celsius increase in the global mean temperature; a threshold that may avoid the most severe climate change impacts. Transportation accounts for about one third of GHG emissions in the United States; reducing these emissions should therefore be an important part of any strategy aimed at meeting the IPCC targets. Prior studies find that improvements in vehicle energy efficiency or decarbonization of the transportation fuel supply would be required for the transportation sector to achieve the IPCC targets. Strategies that could be implemented by regional transportation planning organizations are generally found to have only a modest GHG reduction potential. In this study we challenge these findings. We evaluate what it would take to achieve deep GHG emission reductions from transportation without advances in vehicle energy efficiency and fuel decarbonization beyond what is currently expected under existing regulations and market expectations. We find, based on modeling conducted in the Albuquerque, New Mexico metropolitan area that it is possible to achieve deep reductions that may be able to achieve the IPCC targets. Achieving deep reductions requires changes in transportation policy and land-use planning that go far beyond what is currently planned in Albuquerque and likely anywhere else in the United States.     

Paying for harbor maintenance in the US: Options for moving past the Harbor Maintenance Tax

The Harbor Maintenance Tax is a fundamentally flawed maintenance funding mechanism for the critical US port system. Three alternatives were analyzed. User fee rates were estimated for either a national or regional tonnage based fee. Our results indicate that maintenance cost recovering regional fees could vary widely from about 10 cents per tonne to nearly 80 cents per tonne. A national rate would be about 30 cents per tonne. The large regional differences and affects on bulk shippers are likely to make implementing and maintaining cost recovering tonnage based fees infeasible. Two other mechanisms are considered. One possibility is to abolish the HMT without a replacement mechanism. The obvious strength of this approach is its simplicity, the weaknesses is that it is not budget neutral. Another possibility is to increase the federal diesel tax rate. One strength of the approach is the reasonable rate increase required to recover port maintenance costs (estimated between 0.278 and 0.315 cents per liter). An additional strength is that relatively inefficient fuel users will either make the largest share of the additional payments or the freight will shift modes to one that is more efficient. One weakness is that the rate has been unchanged since 1997, this points to the political difficulty involved in passing such a rate increase.     

临河浸水路堤稳定性分析

交通荷载、水位变化、土工格栅加筋材料的使用,均会对临河浸水路堤的稳定性产生影响。在用常规条分法分析的基础上,采用有限元方法分析交通荷载、水位升降变化、土工格栅刚度和布设方式对浸水路堤稳定性的影响。     

试论我国燃油税的征收

众所周知,在我国开征燃油税有着极其重要的现实意义和深远意义,然而自1994年首次提出开征燃油税至今已有13年,燃油税仍然没有开征,其中有着众多深刻的原因,分析燃油税开征面临哪些障碍,其开征将会对汽车工业产生怎样的影响,并对开征燃油税提出一些建议,有助于我国税制的完善和国民经济的可持续发展。     

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本文提出了一套基于虚拟路网的容量均衡分析模型和方法。以虚拟路网（节点及路段）的交通负荷（V/C）为特征变量，采用虚拟路网PA反推技术与交通均衡配流组合模型，辨识路网的真实瓶颈点（段、区域），获得路网供需“均衡容量匹配参数”。以此匹配参数为准则，诊断现有路网的系统性缺陷。为评估城市干道路网与交通需求的宏观匹配水平、制定缓解交通拥堵对策和路网容量一体化均衡配置与改造，提供了新的系统分析理论和方法。     

燃油税实施对我国物流业影响的系统动力学分析

运用系统动力学方法,建立了燃油税实施对物流行业整体影响的因果关系模型;分析了物流成本、行业利润等因果循环,并抽样分析了行业20个调查企业的营业收入、燃油成本、物流成本等;建立了一个典型物流企业的单车月燃油成本的系统动力学模型;分析了燃油税征收额、汽车节油技术系数、能源替代系数3个因素对燃油成本变化的灵敏性.分析表明:燃...     

出租车行业“时距并计”计价方式的非合理性

针对出租车行业的"拒载"现象,以公平负担原则和企业经营风险理论为基础,对"时距并计"计价方式进行了剖析,说明"时距并计"计价方式不合理;指出出租车企业不应将其上涨的运营成本-交通拥堵成本转嫁给消费者;出租车作为一个消费者普遍使用的运输工具,应该按照市场经济原则,承担企业经营风险,进一步探索寻求对消费者和经营者双方更为公平、更为合理的计价方式,收到双赢的效果。     

浅析EPC总承包项目中的涉税和竣工验收问题

随着具有总承包资质的施工单位逐渐增多,采用设计—采购—施工总承包模式(EPC)建设的交钥匙工程项目也越来越多,某些工程企业由于对这种管理模式的理解和掌握并未完全到位,往往会在项目管理和项目实施过程中遇到问题.通过对EPC总承包工程项目中的涉税和竣工验收问题的探讨,为广大总承包单位在规避项目损失方面提供参考.     

燃油税费改革对广西道路货运的影响研究

文章阐述了燃油税费改革的目的及意义,介绍了广西道路货物运输的基本情况,并依托大量调查统计资料,对比分析了燃油税费改革对广西道路货物运输市场、运输成本及企业管理的影响,提出了调整公路货运企业运输车辆组成结构,建立公路货物运输信息交易平台和探索新型公路货运企业经营模式的对策措施。     

现行增值税与营改增异同的分析研究

从现行增值税、营业税的特点出发,阐述营业税改征增值税的意义,并对现行增值税与营改增之间的异同进行比较分析,旨在促使人们正确认识现行增值税及营改增间的异同,从而更好地推动营改增有序、健康地发展。