国内新能源公交车发展状况及问题探析

文章分析了部分客车生产企业在新能源公交车方面的发展动态及研发出的新能源客车车型,国内部分城市推广现状及公交企业在新能源客车进行了示范应用效果,通过重点分析LNG、混合动力、燃料电池、纯电动等新能源公交车的技术特性及其应用前景,总结出当前在发展新能源公交车方面存在的主要问题并提出部分建议,从而便于进一步促进国内新能源公交客车应用及推广。     

低温和常温环境下 EGR冷却器积碳台架试验对比研究

为研究发动机低温和常温环境下EGR冷却器积碳的差异性,以两台相同型号和配置的国Ⅵ柴油机为试验对象,设计了常温 （25 ℃）、低温 （-8 ℃） 两种不同环境温度下EGR积碳发动机896 h台架试验。结果表明,低温环境下EGR冷却器的积碳程度和速度均大于常温,换热效率下降幅度和压力损失增大幅度均大于常温;EGR冷却器积碳导致的换热效率下降是试验后NOx、PM排放增大,HC排放减小的主要原因,冷却器换热效率下降越严重排放变化越明显;HC的冷凝会导致废气中 HC浓度的下降,排气温度和冷却介质的冷却能力都对 EGR管道内 HC浓度的下降有影响,但是冷却介质的冷却能力起主导作用。     

新冠疫情及建成环境对公交客流量的影响模型

为揭示新冠疫情背景下公交客流量变化的空间影响因素,以疫情前后公交站点层面客流变化量为因变量,以建成环境、病毒感染情况及病毒传播途径等指标为自变量,构建新冠疫情与建成环境对公交客流量共同影响的线性回归(Ordinary Least Squares, OLS)模型与梯度提升回归树(Gradient Boosting Regression Trees, GBRT)模型。以广州市为实证对象,基于公交IC卡数据、兴趣点数据(Point of Interest, POI)及道路网络数据等多源异构数据进行模型实证分析。结果表明：考虑非线性效应的GBRT模型比OLS模型具有更好的拟合度;同时,常规公交站点的公交线路数量(22.02%)和到市中心距离(13.56%)是影响疫情背景下公交客流量变化的最重要因素,片区病毒感染与传播情况对疫情防控常态化时期的公交客流量作用有限,居民日常公交出行已经从疫情的影响下逐渐恢复。     

Experimental and numerical study of the shielding effect of two tandem rough cylinders in flow-induce oscillation

The shielding effect of the downstream cylinder in flow induced oscillation (FIO) of two cylinders arranged in tandem is studied experimentally and numerically at Reynolds number 30,000 to 120,000. Both cylinders are in one degree-of-freedom, transverse-oscillations, and have turbulence stimulation in the form of selective surface roughness to expand FIO beyond vortex-induced vibration (VIV) into galloping. Shielding of the downstream cylinder has a negative effect on harnessing hydrokinetic energy. To study its effect and mechanics, selective cases are studied both numerically and experimentally and discussed to demonstrate the shielding effect on the downstream cylinder and understand its cause. The main conclusions are: (1) The shielding effect for the downstream cylinder shows a strong relation to the damping ratio. As the damping ratio increases, the shielding effect is mitigated. Additionally, the oscillation of the rear cylinder becomes stable and shows stable frequency. (2) In the VIV region, as the stiffness and natural frequency increase, the shielding effect decreases substantially. (3) In the VIV region, the vorticity of the vortices shedding from both the upper and the lower sides of the downstream cylinder does not accumulate enough due to the attraction by the vortices shed from the upstream cylinder, thus resulting in partial suppression of the oscillation on the downstream cylinder. (4) In the galloping region, the shielding effect for the downstream cylinder depends on whether the vorticity near the downstream cylinder is strengthened by the vortices generated by the shear layers of the upstream cylinder or weakened.     

Load effects on vessel-shaped fish cage steel structures,nets and connectors considering the effects of diffraction and radiation waves under irregular waves

Vessel-shaped fish cages are mainly composed of a large floating body, aquaculture nets and a number of steel frames. Due to the large scale of vessel-shaped fish cages, the velocity field induced by the diffraction waves and radiation waves cannot be ignored in the calculation of the loads on the net and steel frames. In turn, the loads can affect the wave-induced response of the floating body and hence the radiation waves as well as the sectional forces. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to consider the coupling effect. First, considering the irregular waves in short-term periods, the global response of the floating body is calculated in the time domain by the state-space method based on potential flow theory. Meanwhile, the velocity field considering the influence of the floating body is built according to the velocity transfer function. Then, the Morison formula is used to calculate the loads on the nets and the steel frames. Finally, the coupling achieved through numerical iterations is considered in the calculation of the twine tension, load effect of connector and the global cross-section under irregular waves. It is found that the diffraction and radiation waves make a significant difference in the twine tension and connector load effect.     

海绵城市建设效果评价方法研究

为了定量评价海绵城市建设效果,通过采用层次集对分析法进行了海绵城市建设效果的评价研究。首先,根据海绵城市建设特点筛选出了海绵城市建设效果评价指标;然后,采用层次分析法确定各级评价指标的权重,利用集对分析法确定各级评价指标的联系度,并据此进行效果评价;最后,从水生态、水环境、水资源、水安全等多个角度对某城市的海绵城市建设效果进行综合分析评估与比较,并在此基础上提出改进措施和建设意见,指导海绵城市建设。     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.     

Risk perception affecting the performance of shipping companies: the moderating effect of China and Korea

Risks in the shipping industry have been highlighted and have attracted significant attention, especially following the bankruptcy of Hanjin in 2017. Due to the decrease in container volume, the business environment for large shipping companies in China has deteriorated. Therefore, major large shipping companies have implemented mixed ownership reform, which provides more opportunities for large Korean shipping companies to enter the Chinese shipping industry. This study first identifies risk perception, specifically focusing on the moderating effect of Chinese and Korean shipping companies, and then demonstrates the impact of these risks on shipping company performance. The results show that market, operational, and technical risks have a negative influence on Chinese shipping companies, whereas market, policy, financial, operations, and technical risks have a negative influence on Korean shipping companies. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the effect of risk perception on performance among shipping companies in both countries and calls for further research on risk management plans based on the risk factors identified herein. On a practical level, this study provides an important reference for operators and investors who seek to enter strategic alliances or joint venture in Chinese shipping industry.     

复合纤维混凝土的早期抗裂性能

通过在水泥基体中加入纤维素纤维(CTF)、聚乙烯醇纤维(PF)、复合微筋纤维(VS)3种性能各异的纤维,分析了其单掺与混掺时混凝土的早期抗裂性能.结果表明:单掺时PF在3种纤维中对早期抗裂性能贡献最大,但混掺时CTF,VS可与PF形成互补,产生正混杂效应,其中CTF与PF共同遏制早期微裂纹的扩展,VS在微裂纹扩展为裂缝时发挥"桥接"作用,从而增强混凝土早期抗裂性能.研究结果可为研发高性能水泥基复合纤维材料提供参考.     

考虑入射角和局部地形影响的地面地震动效应分析

本文通过建立考虑局部地形条件的场地模型,采用粘弹性理论设置人工边界,考虑入射角进行等效地震荷载输入,对五种不同地形和坡度的场地进行地面地震动效应分析。结果表明,凹状河谷地形和凸状山脊地形相比于平地地形来说对地震动具有放大效应,坡顶的地震响应要高于坡底的地震响应,地面地震动响应大致呈现与地形类似的形状,迎波面地震响应要高于背波面地震响应。