INFLUENCE OF SURFACE MORPHOLOGY ON THE MICROHARDNESS OF ELECTROLESS Ni-B DEPOSIT REVEALED BY AFM OBSERVATION

Introduction　　 Electroless Ni- B alloy has many advantagessuch as superior hardness,excellent wear- resis-tance and some special electrical and magneticproperties[1,2 ] . It can be prepared with eitherDimethylamineborane( DMAB) or sodium borohy-dride as reductant[3 ,4] .The deposits with lowerboron contentwhich are mainly applied to electron-ic industry[5] are prepared by DMAB.While sodi-um borohydride can bring about higher boron con-tent deposits which are chiefly used as wear- resis-…     

Prediction method of hydrodynamic forces acting on the hull of a blunt-body ship in the even keel condition

The mathematical modeling group (MMG) model is well known and is widely used in the field of ship maneuverability. However, the MMG model can be applied only after determination of the hydrodynamic coefficients either from comprehensive captive model tests or from general empirical data. Around the cruising speed, when a ship's drift angle is relatively small, several methods have been developed to predict hydrodynamic coefficients from the ship's principal particulars, e.g., Kijima's method. Kijima's method is efficient in predicting the ship's maneuverability at the initial design stage and is even able to assess the effect of changes in stern design. Similarly, for the low speed range when a ship's drift angle is relatively large, several methods for predicting the ship's hydrodynamic coefficients have been proposed, based on captive model tests, such as those by Kose, Kobayashi, and Yumuro. However, most of the methods developed for low speeds cannot be applied to general ship types without additional experiments being performed. In contrast, Karasuno's method uses theoretical and empirical approaches to predict the hydrodynamic forces, even for large drift motions. Although Karasuno's model utilizes the ship's principal particulars and is applicable to a general vessel, it has not been widely used. This is because the form of Karasuno's model is relatively complicated and its accuracy around the cruising speed is less than that for other methods that have been specifically developed for the cruising speed range. A practical method for predicting hydrodynamic forces for the entire operating speed range of blunt-body ships is proposed in this article. It is based on the MMG model and predicts hydrodynamic coefficients based on a ship's principal particulars. A regression model for the proposed method has also been proposed by analyzing 21 different blunt-body ships. Finally, simulations of a very large 4-m crude carrier (VLCC) model using the proposed method were carried out and the results compared with free-running experiments (both at the cruising speed and at low speeds) to validate the efficacy of the model.     

动力分散型交流传动电动车组设备布置及装饰

25kV动力分散型交流传动电动车组车体设计采用了许多新技术和新工艺,文章从车体结构、平面布置、电气设备布置、车内设备布置及车内装饰结构等方面对其作了整体介绍。     

波浪作用下单体网格式浮架受力的数值模拟

模型试验表明重力式网箱在波浪作用下，单纯浮架的受力贡献比例较大。本文运用波浪理论，通过建立浮架、锚绳及浮子的运动方程，采用五阶龙格-库塔进行数值求解，得到了单体网格式锚碇单纯浮架的数值计算模式。将计算模型简化为四点锚碇，并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较，二者符合程度较好。在此基础上，比较了单体网格式锚碇与四点锚碇单纯浮架的受力，结果表明网格式锚碇方式浮架受力较小。     

高速客车SiCp/A356铝基制动盘材料的热疲劳裂纹形成与扩展试验研究

在室温25℃~360℃自约束型热循环条件下,研究SiC增强颗粒体积分数为20%的铝基复合材料SiCp/A356的热疲劳裂纹形成与扩展特性,并且探讨了复合材料热疲劳裂纹的形成机制和扩展过程。研究结果显示,试样的切口尺寸对裂纹形成有很大的影响,而对裂纹扩展阶段的影响可以忽略,但试样厚度对裂纹的扩展有影响。通过非线性有限元顺序耦合法仿真计算了热疲劳裂纹尖端应力应变场,确定热疲劳裂纹扩展的驱动力为低温点的拉应力,因而认为,结合本次实验结果并通过断裂力学分析方法可以对颗粒增强金属基复合材料的热疲劳裂纹的扩展行为做进一步的研究。     

关于交—直—交传动机车轮径偏差问题的探讨

本文主要探讨了交—直—交传动机车轮径偏差、异步牵引电动机转矩和电流偏差、轮周牵引力偏差以及电动机转差率之间的数量关系。给出的计算公式不要求知道牵引电动机的具体特性参数和供电电压及频率,适用于牵引电动机尚未设计出来前,对交—直—交传动机车的总体方案进行分析研究。文中还对上述偏差及牵引电动机转差率的数值提出了建议。     

建设学习型组织的三个支点

学习型组织是以共同愿景为基础,以团队学习为特征,以"学习加激励"为管理模式,以实现持久性发展为目的。     

轿车液压减振器阻力特性模拟预测预测结果分析

通过对夏利轿车后减振器阻力特性模拟计算过程及结果的分析，建立了该减振器工作过程的模拟预测物理模型及模拟预测优化搜索程序。经过模拟预测搜索计算，得到当该减振器内构成阻力特性的结构主参数改变时的工人油工作参数变化新曲线族，从而定量地模拟预测出该减振器结构主参数改变后的新阻力特性曲线。     

基于VPP帆板最佳航线的研究

根据最大推力原理计算各条航线的最大船速,计算出从起点到航段终点航行时间最短所对应的三角形的两个风向角,对最大船速和风向角进行回归,以求得最佳航线。