Structural safety of trams in case of misguidance in a switch

Tram vehicles mainly operate on street tracks where sometimes misguidance in switches occurs due to unfavourable conditions. Generally, in this situation, the first running gear of the vehicle follows the bend track while the next running gears continue straight ahead. This leads to a constraint that can only be solved if the vehicle's articulation is damaged or the wheel derails. The last-mentioned situation is less critical in terms of safety and costs. Five different tram types, one of them high floor, the rest low floor, were examined analytically. Numerical simulation was used to determine which wheel would be the first to derail and what level of force is needed in the articulation area between two carbodies to make a tram derail. It was shown that with pure analytical simulation, only an idea of which tram type behaves better or worse in such a situation can be gained, while a three-dimensional computational simulation gives more realistic values for the forces that arise. Three of the four low-floor tram types need much higher articulation forces to make a wheel derail in a switch misguidance situation. One particular three-car type with two single-axle running gears underneath the centre car must be designed to withstand nearly three times higher articulation forces than a conventional high-floor articulated tram. Tram designers must be aware of that and should design the carbody accordingly.     

Dynamic model for ride comfort evaluations of the rubber-tired light rail vehicle

The dynamic model was developed to evaluate vibration accelerations and ride comforts during the running of the Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle. Ride comfort indexes were analysed and tested in accordance with UIC 513R by using the dynamic model and the actual vehicle in the test track. Based on the comparisons between analysis results and test results, the validity of the developed dynamic model was evaluated. It was verified whether or not the developed Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle met the specified target specification on ride comfort. In addition, the influence of the wearing of guide wheels on ride comfort was estimated.     

轻型悬索桥的调查与分析

轻型悬索桥在我国的河谷山涧地区以及城市人行桥中应用较广泛,但对其结构设计特点尚未有较系统的总结。文中在大量收集国内已建轻型悬索桥资料的基础上,从桥跨、加劲梁以及主索等方面分析总结其设计特点,包括轻型悬索桥的适用跨径、桥跨布置特点,加劲梁的截面形式、高跨比,主索材料、垂跨比和锚固形式等。     

基于应力松弛试验用有限元预估车辙

为了使车辙预估变得更为简便,提出一种基于应力松弛试验的改进的有限元车辙预估方法。研究结果表明：不仅从粘弹性力学的角度分析,应力松弛试验在理论上与Maxwell模型具有一致性,而且实例计算结果也验证了此方法的可行性。该方法便于不熟悉本构理论的工程人员进行车辙预估。     

FTGS轨道电路继电器监测方案探究

针对广州地铁1号线FTG S轨道电路出现粉红光带或红光带故障情况,分析轨道电路继电器引起故障的原因,描述一种轨道电路继电器监测方案,给出了设计原理和实现方法。     

有限元分析中三维体元和梁元的非节点连接

在对三维体元任一点移动和转动分析的基础上,导出了体元和梁元恰当连接应满足的多点约束方程,通过直接代入梁元的单元分析进行自由度替换实现了体梁的良好连接.本文方法对体元和梁元的连接形式具有较强的适应能力,应用方便,算例表明具有较高的数值精度.     

气泡混合轻质土在奥运通道中填土减荷的工程实践

研究目的：探讨气泡混合轻质土的设计及施工等方面的问题。研究方法：通过北京奥林匹克公园地下通道气泡混合轻质土的工程实践，介绍了气泡混合轻质土的基本特性、填土减荷设计、配合比参数、关键工艺、质量控制及检测技术，并对工程实测结果进行了分析。研究结果：利用气泡混合轻质土填土减荷效果良好，其容重在浸水条件下虽有较大增加，但没有超过设计要求范围，满足了通道设计荷载要求。研究结论：利用气泡混合轻质土的轻质性进行减荷设计，效果明显，气泡混合轻质土用于地面的下基坑等回填时，亦适用于地下水浸泡范围内的填土，有着非常广泛的应用前景和社会效益。     

系统参数对独立轮对轻轨车辆动力学性能的影响

研究在轴重相同条件下,车辆相关结构参数及悬挂参数变化对独立轮对型式轻轨车辆系统动力学性能的影响特性,特别是研究通过曲线时的轮轨作用力、脱轨系数、摩擦功率的变化情况以及在轨道随机不平顺激扰作用下车辆乘坐舒适度指标变化特性。     

故障区段判断和隔离方法

本文简要介绍了配线自动化系统中故障区段判断和隔离方法的基本原理,并论述了该方法的实施步骤。微机综合保护测控装置的直接I/O功能,使得将该方法用于地铁供电系统中成为可能。     

高速磁浮列车车体承载结构优化设计研究

高度轻量化设计是具有三明治复合板结构特征的高速磁浮列车技术关键之一。本文首先通过对多种三明治复合板建模方法的分析比较,探讨了适合于三明治板大型结构有限元分析的既有工程精度又较为经济的建模方法;然后,运用优化技术对三明治复合板高速磁浮车体承载结构,建立了以车体结构轻量化为目标函数,以板厚为设计变量,以应力、挠度和一阶弯曲自振频率为约束条件的优化设计模型,并进行结构优化分析研究,获得了高速磁浮车体承载结构的轻量化优化设计方案。