UD63型尼桑汽车起动和充电系控制电路及故障排除

系统地介绍UD63型尼桑汽车起动系和充电系控制电路的原理及故障分析,并给出检修实例。有利于准确、快速地排除该类车型的故障。     

柴油机活塞组耦合模型有限元分析

建立了活塞、活塞环、活塞销和缸套的耦合模型，采用接触对、设定接触热阻的方法对耦合模型进行了二维和三维瞬态温度场的分析。对采用接触模型和粘贴方式模型的分析结果做了比较。对活塞组的机械负荷及热负荷做了耦合场静态分析。     

桑塔纳汽车后桥强度有限元分析及改进方案

根据桑塔纳2000汽车后桥的实际结构，利用通用有限元软件ANSYS，对后桥进行了弹塑性静态结构有限元分析。主要研究了结构焊接处强度、横梁破坏处在半个周期载荷波内应力状态变化；给出了在最大剪应变幅平面上，影响疲劳强度及寿命的基本参量的计算结果；提出了提高后桥强度的改进方案。     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

列车运行图可调整度评价系统研究

在详细分析了列车运行图缓冲时间的大小及其分布规律对列车晚点传播影响的基础上，通过建立列车运行图调整系统，对给定晚点程度的列车进行模拟调整，从而计算出列车晚点恢复率，晚点传播区大小，连带晚点时间和关键列车运行线等。指标来达到对列车运行图可高速程度优劣评判的目的。     

Hub location with flow economies of scale

A characteristic feature of hub and spoke networks is the bundling of flows on the interhub links. This agglomeration of flows leads to reduced travel costs across the interhub links. Current models of hub location do not adequately model the scale economies of flow that accrue due to the agglomeration of flows. This paper shows that current hub location models, by assuming flow-independent costs, not only miscalculate total network cost, but may also erroneously select optimal hub locations and allocations. The model presented in this paper more explicitly models the scale economies that are generated on the interhub links and in doing so provides a more reliable model representation of the reality of hub and spoke networks.     

胶焊,点焊和胶接接头应力分布的比较分析

采用三维弹塑性有限元数值分析方法，比较了分析了胶焊，点焊和胶接接头的应力分布情况，结果表明，胶焊接头与胶接接头的应力分布特征值基本相同，仅在焊点区内略有区别，胶焊接头中的胶粘剂有效地降低了点焊接头中焊点的应力，消除了其焊点过级处的应力集中，所得应力分布可合理解释已有强度试验结果。     

柔性桩与土相互作用非线性分析的增量传递矩阵法

对桩侧土采用非线性荷载传递函数,对桩端土采用线性荷载传递函数,同时考虑桩周土所分担的荷载对单桩荷载传递规律的影响,利用增量荷载传递矩阵法及微分方程的近似解法--子域法,推出了刚性承台下柔性桩与地基非线性相互作用的近似解析算式。为了验证该方法的可行性,通过试验将试验结果与有限元结果及该方法所得结果进行了对比,对比表明:该理论解与现场实测值、有限元计算值都非常接近。     

以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥抗震设计方法

利用等效线性化方法将钢筋混凝土(RC)连续梁桥结构简化为多自由度线弹性体系,采用振型反应谱的概念研究了结构在横向地震作用下考虑多阶模态效应的直接基于位移的抗震设计方法。探讨了连续梁桥的上部结构(主梁)及桥墩(台)刚度的变化对结构横向振动模态质量与模态周期的影响,给出了多阶模态设计方法的具体设计过程。对对称与非对称连续梁桥采用相同的设计步骤进行基于位移的抗震设计,并对设计算例用非线性时程分析验证了设计结果的合理性。     

基于改进 BiLSTM 网络的地铁车轮磨耗预测模型

针对地铁车轮磨耗数据时间跨度较长引起的长期依赖问题,为了进一步提升预测精度,提出一种将麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm,SSA)优化双向长短期记忆网络(bidirectional long short term memory,BiLSTM)的改进 BiLSTM(SSA-BiLSTM)网络模型,用于地铁车轮磨耗预测。首先,利用麻雀搜索算法对双向长短期记忆网络算法的神经元个数、迭代次数、输入批量和学习率等超参数在给定范围内进行寻优,得到参数最优值;然后,以参数最优值来构建改进 BiLSTM 网络模型,对车轮磨耗进行预测分析;最后,以车轮踏面磨耗和轮缘磨耗作为研究对象,将某地铁 1 车厢 1 号车轮的现场实测历史磨耗数据作为输入,对该模型进行训练及验证分析,并与多层感知机(multilayer perceptron,MLP)、LSTM、BiLSTM 以及 SSA-LSTM 模型的预测结果进行对比。研究结果表明：SSA-Bi-LSTM 模型的车轮磨耗预测精度更高,与 LSTM、BiLSTM 以及 SSA-LSTM 网络模型相比,踏面磨耗的平均绝对百分误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)分别降低了 13.28%、10.32%、1.47%,轮缘磨耗分别降低了 9.5%、0.46%、0.02%;分别对同一地铁 2 号、4 号车厢的 1 号位置车轮磨耗进行预测,并与磨耗实测数据进行对比,踏面磨耗的平均绝对百分比误差分别为 1.34%、1.42%,轮缘磨耗的平均绝对百分比误差分别为 0.18%、0.19%,验证了本文所提模型具有良好的泛化性,为地铁轮对智能化管理提供理论支持,延长车轮使用寿命。