鼓风曝气系统中风机的自动控制

鼓风机的自动控制在污水厂设计中非常重要,对曝气池的运行和节能都有十分显著的意义。该文对鼓风机的控制提出了一个新的方法,供有关设计人员参考。     

二氧化氯催化氧化中催化剂和实验条件的优选

研究了二氧化氯催化氧化法在处理难降解有机化工废水中催化剂的选择和实验条件的优化.在催化剂选择实验中以γ-Al2O3为载体共制备了29种催化剂,优选出Cu Co La Ce-O γ-Al2O3为本实验最佳的催化剂.通过实验确定本实验的最佳实验条件为:氧化剂24 mL/100 mL废水、反应时间70 min、pH＜7、催化剂投加量为3 g/100 mL废水.     

人工湿地在广梧高速公路典型示范工程中的应用

针对以往大部分工程采用传统的物理化学方法来处理废水容易产生二次污染的问题,广梧高速公路采用了人工湿地处理废水的先进新理念。人工湿地处理废水环保、节能、机理明确。本项目采用潜流湿地处理废水的方案为二级人工湿地设计,其结构、工艺可为类似工程提供参考借鉴。     

10 Towards a Safer Environment：（7）How apatite minerals remediate Pb,Zn and Mn from wastewater？

To evaluate the effectiveness of apatite mineral in removing different contaminants from low quality water in the industrial city of abha,Asir region,southwestern of Saudi Arabia two phosphatic clay dominated by apatite mineral were selected.In situ remediation experiment proved that apatite mineral has the highest affinity for Pb and removed more than 94% from initial Pb concentration.The rest of contaminants followed the descending order of:Zn>Mn>Cu>Co>Ni.The sorption of Pb,Zn and Mn onto apatite mineral was well characterized by the Langmuir model.Ternary-metal addition induced competitive sorption among the three metals,with the interfering effect of Pb>Zn>Mn.During metal retention by apatite mineral calcium and phosphate were determined in equilibrium solution.Calcium increased and phosphate decreased with increasing metal disappearance.The greatest increase of calcium and the largest phosphate reduction were found with Pb+2 sorption. This is suggested that Pb+2 retention by apatite was through the dissolution of apatite which mean release of Ca and P into solution and formation of pyromorphite(lead phosphate)as consuming of P.Obtained results suggested that there are two general mechanisms for the ability of apatite mineral to take up Pb2+,Zn+2 and Mn+2.The first is (ion-ion exchange mechanism)concerned with adsorption of ions on the solid surface followed by their diffusion into apatite mineral and the release of cations originally contained within apatite.The second is (dissolution- precipitation mechanism)concerned to the dissolution of apatite in the aqueous solution containing Pb2+,Zn+2 and Mn+2 followed by the precipitation or coprecipitation.Pb+2 desorption responding to solution pH may indicate that not all the Pb+2 was chemisorbed and fraction of Pb+2 was weakly adsorbed or complexed on the surface of apatite mineral.     

低碳氮比和高 pH 进水启动短程反硝化：性能及污泥特性变化

短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化技术（PDA）在污水处理中广泛应用的前提是富集出足量的短程反硝化细菌。通过接种剩余污泥,考察了采用简单的调控进水pH和碳氮比（C/N）策略,在上升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器内进行长达77 d短程反硝化启动过程。结果表明：在反应器的进水C/N（~2.6）与pH（~9）条件下,出水快速出现了亚硝态氮积累,在40 d以后,反应器内的亚硝积累率（NTR）保持稳定,NTR为（54.67±7.29）%,表明了短程反硝化过程已经在反应器内建立。此外,将进水pH调节为7.5,NTR依然稳定在（66.13±0.77）%,驯化后的污泥适用于常规污水的PD过程。高pH条件下反应器内污泥浓度上升,微生物对进水的适应导致了胞外聚合物（EPS）下降,EPS中的蛋白和多糖比例的变化反映了污泥具有颗粒化的趋势。结果表明：控制进水高pH和低C/N比成功启动了短程反硝化过程,驯化后的污泥可以用于PDA脱氮,尤其在同时处理含有氨氮和硝态氮废水时具有显著优势。     

A mechanical and experimental study on the heat loss of solar evacuated tube

The experimental system of heat loss of all-glass evacuated solar collector tubes (evacuated tube) is firstly designed and constructed, which uses electric heater as thermal resource. The equilibrium temperatures are less than ±1℃ during the test, and the temperature differences of up/middle/low node in the tube are less than 1 ℃, 3 ℃, and 7℃ respectively. The heat loss of evacuated tube increases about 2.7% with vacuum state of 0.01-1 mPa, and it has the best performance at tube temperature of 20-280℃. The invalidation tube (> 200 mPa) has the biggest heat loss that increases linearly with the tube temperature. The evacuated tubes with the vacuum of 0.01-1 mPa are suitable for most solar adsorption refrigeration.     

无机陶瓷膜处理餐饮废水的研究

研究了无机陶瓷膜处理餐饮废水的操作条件对膜通量及COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)去除率的影响。实验结果表明:操作参数对膜通量及餐饮废水的COD去除率均有一定影响。过滤压差增大,膜通量增大;膜孔径增大及运行温度升高,膜通量增大;小孔径的陶瓷膜对COD的去除效果较好;进水浓度越高,COD的去除率越高;而膜内压力对COD去除率的影响不大。     

膜生物反应器用于港口化学品废水处理工程的设计与运行

港口化学品废水具有水质、水量变化大,难于处理等特点,文中采用"隔油+Fenton氧化+水解酸化+膜生物反应器(MBR)"对港口化学品废水进行处理。结果表明:膜生物反应器具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,系统出水稳定、水质良好,满足城市生活杂用水质标准的要求,活性污泥对污染物尤其是难降解物质的去除起主要作用。     

矿化垃圾静态吸附处理模拟印染废水试验研究

采用静态吸附方法,考察了不同条件下矿化垃圾对亚甲基蓝溶液吸附处理效果的影响,并用Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附方程进行了拟合。结果表明,矿化垃圾处理初始浓度为10mg·L^-1亚甲基蓝溶液的最佳的矿化垃圾用量为25g·L^-1、最佳pH为10,震荡最佳时间为7h,脱色率达到98．83％;矿化垃圾对亚甲基蓝的吸附能用Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附方程进行较好的拟合。     

城镇污水处理厂除臭技术

城镇污水处理厂恶臭气体产生源较多,恶臭气体主要由氨、硫化氢、甲硫醇等组成.污水处理厂臭味气体的特点是量大、浓度低,分析了城镇污水处理厂的除臭技术,认为目前生物除臭法和活性氧是适合城镇污水处理厂去除恶臭比较好的方法.