车轮随机动载特性的Simulink仿真分析

利用汽车的两自由度模型，应用Simulink软件仿真分析了车速与路面不平度对车轮随机动载变化趋势的影响。同时也分析了车轮随机动载的大小对路面疲劳应力的影响，指出了不同车速和路面不平度引起的路面动力反应及损伤变化规律，即车速和路面不平度的增加将导致汽车动载的增加，从而加速路面的损伤。提出了针对路面状况调整车速可以降低车轮随机动载，从而达到减轻路面损伤的要求。     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics — Part 1: Ferry dataset

For the design of maritime structures in waves, the extreme values of responses such as motions and wave impact loads are required. Waves and wave-induced responses are stochastic, so such responses should always be related to a probability. This information is not easy to obtain for strongly non-linear responses such as wave impact forces. Usually class rules or direct assessment via experiments or numerical simulations are applied to obtain extreme values for design. This brings up questions related to the convergence of extreme values: how long do we need to test in order to obtain converged statistics for the target duration? Or, vice versa: given testing data, what is the uncertainty of the associated statistics? Often the test or simulation duration is cut up in ‘seeds’ or ‘realisations’, with an exposure duration of one or three hours based on the typical duration of a steady environmental condition at sea, or the time that a ship sails a single course. The required number of seeds for converged results depends on the type of structure and response, the exposure duration, and the desired probability level. The present study provides guidelines for the convergence of most probable maximum (MPM) wave crest heights and MPM green water wave impact forces on a ferry. Long duration experiments were done to gain insight into the required number of seeds, and the effect of fitting. The present paper presents part 1 of this study; part 2 [1] presents similar results for wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics–Part 2: Deck box dataset

In the assessment of wave-in-deck loads for new and existing maritime structures typically model tests are carried out. To determine the most critical conditions and measure sufficient impact loads, a range of sea states and various seeds (realisations) for each sea state are tested. Based on these measurements, probability distributions can be derived and design loads determined. In air gap model testing usually only few, if any, impact loads occur per 3-hour seed. This can make it challenging to derive reliable probability distributions of the measured loads, especially when only a few seeds are generated. In addition wave impact forces, such as greenwater loading, slamming, or air gap impacts are typically strongly non-linear, resulting in a large variability of the measured loads. This results in the following questions: How many impacts are needed to derive a reliable distribution? How is the repeatability of individual events affecting the overall distribution? To answer these questions wave-in-deck model tests were carried out in 100 x 3-hour realisations of a 10,000 year North Sea sea state. The resulting probability distributions of the undisturbed wave measurements as well as the measured wave-in-deck loads are presented in this paper with focus on deriving the number of seeds and exposure durations required for a reliable estimate of design loads.The presented study is Part 2 of a combined study on guidance for the convergence and variability of wave crests and impact loading extreme values. The data set of Part 1 ([1]) is based on greenwater loads on a sailing ferry and the data set of Part 2 on wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

Review of the uncertainties associated to hull girder hydroelastic response and wave load predictions

This paper reviews the importance of uncertainties in hull girder loads influenced by flexible fluid structure interactions. The focus is on developments in the field of hydroelastic modelling, simulation and model tests of practical relevance to the prediction hull girder wave load predictions and their validation. It is concluded that whereas hydroelastic methods for use in design development and assessment become increasingly useful, challenges in realizing and modelling uncertainties can be attributed to: (1) the limitations of numerical methods to suitably model nonlinearities; (2) the ambiguity of model tests; and (3) the systematic use of data emerging from computational, model- or full-scale methods. An approach is recommended to assess the uncertainty in the hydroelastic responses to wave loading and an example is provided to demonstrate the application of the procedure.     

Vertical and horizontal bending moments on the hydroelastic response of a large-scale segmented model in a seaway

Wave-induced vertical bending moment (VBM) and horizontal bending moment (HBM) on a large-scale segmented model with a box-type backbone beam in short-crested irregular seas are systematically analyzed using sea trial measurement data. New insights into the relationship between nonlinear VBM and HBM of the ship sailing in short-crested sea waves are explored and presented. The results indicate that the HBM significantly contributes to the total sectional loads when the ship is sailing in a seaway and the HBM has a strong correlation with VBM in both magnitude and tendency. Therefore, design loads of HBM and the corresponding lateral structural strength issues should also be concerned in addition to VBM at the ship design phase.     

复合材料螺旋桨弯扭耦合刚度特性分析

[目的]复合材料螺旋桨的弯扭耦合变形程度反映了桨叶的刚度特性,而桨叶刚度特性又与其水动力性能存在一定的相关性,将从刚度的角度对复合材料螺旋桨的纤维铺层进行优化设计.[方法]首先,以DTMB 4383复合材料螺旋桨为研究对象,基于复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合自迭代算法,构建桨叶弯扭刚度数值计算方法;然后,分别在桨叶铺设单向碳纤...     

多功能支持船波浪载荷研究

波浪载荷研究是船舶性能预报和结构安全评估的关键内容。文中利用势流理论直接数值求解多功能支持船遭受的波浪载荷(包括一阶波频力和二阶漂移力),利用统计方法得到波浪载荷的长期预报和短期预报极值,包括波浪总纵弯矩和垂向波浪剪力以用于后续的船舶整体结构安全评估,以及纵向漂移力、横向漂移力和首摇漂移力矩用于船舶的动力定位能力分析中。研究结果表明:求解波浪载荷的势流理论方法精确,能为后续的船舶性能预报和结构安全评估提供可靠的载荷输入。     

Time-domain simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions and loads and its applications in ship design

A nonlinear time-domain formulation for ship motions and wave loads and a nonlinear long-term statistics method are presented and applied to the S175 container ship. The general agreement between model tests and numerical results is very satisfactory. The calculated long-term vertical sagging and hogging moments amidships are comparable to those given by DNV rules. The approach described in this paper can be used as a way of more accurately evaluating extreme wave loads and other nonlinear responses in ship design.     

HCSR舱段模型中端部梁剖面属性对扭转变形的影响

针对HCSR强度计算中为合理考虑模型之外的构件对模型端面的弹性约束,须在三舱段模型两端施加端部约束梁的规定,分析端部约束梁对于三舱段模型的扭转变形的影响,采用数值试验的方法,进行了端部约束梁的剖面属性对于其扭转变形的敏感性分析。     

拱形索塔的空间稳定性分析

拱形索塔是斜拉桥塔柱的一种新形式,矢跨比较大使其有别于一般的拱结构。文中分析了拱承斜拉桥索塔稳定性影响因素,并比较了非线性因素影响,探讨了拉索非保向力对索塔侧倾的作用。