无人帆船循迹航行的控制研究

提出一种适用于无人帆船循迹航行的控制器,并应用于一条1.5m长风帆艇的湖上航行测试。该控制器包含三个独立模块,局部路径策略模块决定帆艇的转向过程;帆自动控制模块根据帆位角和相对风向角的对应关系获取最佳推进力;舵自动控制模块基于从航海经验中提炼的245条模糊控制规则实现航迹调整。1.5m帆艇的湖上测试结果表明,该控制器在多种风场条件下都可有效完成帆艇的循迹航行,具有在无人帆船上实现长程航行的应用前景。     

A proposal for cost-related and market-oriented train running charges

This paper examines some key aspects of a charging system for promoting railway transport, including charges reflecting a clear relationship with costs (transparency) and charges reflecting the quality of the infrastructure manager's service. Train running charges recover track-related costs and can help to develop a charging system that meets these requirements. To orient train running charges to the market, a method for processing track maintenance and renewal costs is proposed whereby the quality of the service provided by an infrastructure is measured according to its utility to the railway undertaking. To achieve transparency, a single indicator is used for cost planning and the subsequent levying of costs on railway undertakings. The paper includes an example of how proposed train running charges would be calculated according to data from 14 European countries. The example shows that short-distance trains generate the lowest maintenance and renewal costs, followed by long-distance trains and freight trains.     

A practical capacity model of a single track line

The paper presents a model for determining the practical capacity of a single track line, i.e. the maximum number of trains which can be run along it in a time unit under the condition that each train enters its bottleneck segment with a definite delay.

The input data used in the model are: geometrical characteristics of the bottleneck segment of the line under study, the intensity and structure of demand expressed by a number of trains which are run over the line in a given time unit, the scenario of traffic running over the line under study and the operational tactics of individual train categories processing on the bottleneck segment.

(Two tactics can be applied in the train processing on the line under study; first, the trains of individual categories are given different priorities in the processing, and second, all the trains have the same priority).

The output results of the model are average delays of trains of each category occurring within the train processing performed on the bottleneck segment of the line under study in a given time unit.     

基于桥梁单元刚度损伤识别的新型间接量测方法研究

基于移动车辆在桥梁上运行来测试桥梁基频的间接量测法已经获得实桥的验证,提出一种新型间接量测法,该方法有别于牵引车拖动测试车辆一直运行并同步采集信号的传统间接量测方式,需牵引车同时拖动固定间距的前、后2辆测试车辆前行,并在固定点静止采集少许时间后,继续重复操作至测试车辆通行整跨桥梁,利用测试车辆上采集的信号,计算整跨桥梁...     

预应力混凝土箱梁损伤后剩余承载力计算及变化规律研究

目前对在役桥梁进行技术状况评定时,往往需采用荷载试验的方法来反映桥梁结构实际损伤所产生的性能退化.然而,荷载试验方法存在费用高、耗时长等问题,进行荷载试验代价巨大,且对于存在损伤的结构具有一定的风险.因此,基于对一新建跨径30 m预制预应力混凝土箱梁进行的足尺模型试验结果,构造定义了2种不同的刚度损伤折减系数,结合规范...     

改进型保温挠性软管在某重型卡车上的应用

某国六重型卡车排气系统应用单层波纹管+伸缩管的保温软管结构,该结构在整车可靠性试验过程中,两款车型多次出现波纹管断裂问题.经对其结构分析,知现用保温挠性软管刚度过小,在整车运行过程中会发生运动失稳引起波纹管断裂,同时挠性软管两端应力集中引起端边波纹断裂,且波纹管波峰圆角过小(近似尖波)易造成波纹管断裂,故开发改进型保温...     

Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution, theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.     

建设节约型地铁车辆段初探

分析当前地铁车辆段设计中存在的问题,提出建设节约型车辆段的设想;从地铁设计规范、车辆检修工艺、站场线路设计、房屋建筑设计等不同角度,探讨压缩车辆段建设规模、减少工程占地和投资降低能量消耗的可行性;以翔实的数据和图片,介绍国内外车辆段设计的成功经验。     

A new model for temporal–spatial stochastic analysis of vehicle–track coupled systems

The vehicle–track coupled system has a random nature in the time–space domain. This paper proposes a computational model to analyse the temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of vehicle–track systems, where the vehicle–track system is divided into a vehicle subsystem, track subsystem, and interfacial subsystem between the wheel and rail. In this model, the time-varying randomicity of dynamical parameters of the vehicle system, correlation, and randomness of the track structural parameters in the time–space joint dimensions, and randomness of the track random irregularities are considered. A probability dimension-reduction method was used to randomly combine different random variables. Furthermore, the probability density evolution method was applied to solve the delivery problem of probabilities between excitation inputs and response outputs. The temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of the vehicle–track system with different coefficients of variation were studied, in which we assumed that the dynamic parameters obeyed the normal distribution, and the stochastic simulation method of the track random irregularities is probed into. The calculated results from this model are consistent with the actual measured results and physical conceptions. Thus, the temporal–spatial stochastic evolutionary mechanism can be explored, and the limits of dynamic indices can be formulated by using this developed model.     

大跨度公轨两用悬索桥刚度敏感性分析

通过对矢跨比、边跨伸出段长度、中央扣及边跨主缆倾角等因素进行分析,提出重庆郭家沱长江大桥主要刚度影响指标,为方案设计提供依据。