单侧轨道不平顺数值模拟

采用傅立叶逆变换将轨道不平顺功率谱密度转换为时域不平顺序列,分析了美国轨道中心线各种不平顺的相关性。利用轨道中心线不平顺与左右轨道不平顺的关系,将中心线轨道不平顺等效转换为左右轨道的垂向和横向不平顺,通过车辆动力学仿真计算了轮轨作用力响应,并比较了美国五级谱单侧不平顺与中国干线谱不平顺。比较结果表明:各种中心线不平顺之间相关系数均小于0.3,为微弱相关,可视为统计独立的;中心线轨道不平顺响应与等效后的左右轨道不平顺响应的相关系数均大于0.8,为高度相关,验证了等效转换的正确性;美国五级谱单侧不平顺功率谱密度在低频部分高于中国干线谱,在高频部分则低于中国干线谱。     

Safety Evaluation for Freeway Exit Ramp Based on Speed Consistency

Speed differential has direct relationship with road safety. Conventional speed consistency measures draw sample data from independent population that follows a normal distribution. These methods may fall into ecological fallacy and overestimate the safety level of road elements. After deducing the relationship between the difference in operating speed ΔV₈₅ and85(ΔV), the 85^th percentile value of individual speed reduction, this paper recommends 85(ΔV) and speed reduction rate 85(ΔV)R is used to evaluate ramp safety. Point speeds of individual vehicle at freeway diverge area, upper ramp, and lower ramp are collected by radar guns. Safety performance of 37 exit ramps are appraised using three different measures, namely, ΔV₈₅, 85(ΔV), and 85(ΔV)R. The results show that 85(ΔV) is 1.42 to 2.02 times of ΔV₈₅, and that the evaluation result of 85(ΔV)R is between the other two. The measure 85(ΔV)R considers not only individual speed but also the base speed on upstream element, which avoid the pitfalls of ecological fallacy and overestimation possessed by conventional measures. It is a safer and reasonable measure that should be adopted in practice.     

Histological changes following surgically-assisted rapid tooth movement through resistance reduction and distraction osteogenesis in dogs

Objective To investigate the histological changes of rapid tooth movement in dogs treated by resistance reduction and distraction osteogenesis, aiming to establish an animal model and further to reveal the remodeling mechanism of rapid tooth movement. Methods A total of 8 local hybrid dogs were selected as subjects for this study. The second pre-molar was extracted on both sides. The experimental side underwent alvelor surgery for resistance reduction and a home-made tooth-borne intraoral distraction device was installed for rapid tooth movement, while for the other side (control side) only tooth-borne intraoral distraction device was used for rapid tooth movement. The longest active force-delivery span was 2 weeks, followed by 6-week retention. The distance between the moved tooth and anchor unit was recorded weekly, and radiography was performed for each side before and after distraction. The surrounding tissues including periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were sectioned for histological analysis. Results The average distance of tooth movement was 3.55mm on the experimental side and 1.11mm on the control side. The rate of tooth movement was notably higher (P<0.01) and no significant apical root resorption was detected by X-ray on the experimental side. The active alvelor bone remodeling was found on the tension and pressure sides. However, there was no significant difference between the experimental side and the control side after the retention period. Conclusion The rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be accelerated through resistance reduction and periodontal distraction without any unfavorable effects but at minimal anchorage loss.     

无砟轨道道床翻浆修复技术

针对遂渝铁路蔡家车站4号道岔岔枕及区间部分双块式轨枕与道床混凝土脱离、出现无砟轨道道床翻浆的问题,分析了其原因,提出了修复原则,简述了修复的材料和工艺,以及修复工作注意事项,对无砟轨道的养护维修具有重要的指导作用。     

津秦客运专线CRTSⅡ型轨道板钢筋网制作加工技术

津秦铁路客运专线板式无砟轨道II型轨道板必须具备良好的绝缘性能,因此对其钢筋网制作加工要求高。介绍了Ⅱ型轨道板钢筋网制作工艺流程,具体包括热缩套管定位加工、上层和下层钢筋网片的制作等。根据工艺标准的要求,在钢筋网制作加工的工艺和设备工装上进行了优化创新,提高了轨道板钢筋网片制作加工的效率,确保了加工质量,为国内板式无砟轨道轨道板的施工提供了宝贵经验。     

基于微观仿真的交叉口车辆能耗与排放研究

为了更加准确地模拟交叉口机动车能耗、排放情况,结合使用微观仿真模型VISSIM与微观能耗、排放模型PERE,构建能够模拟车辆瞬时运行状况与能耗、尾气排放关系的微观模拟平台。选取上海市西藏北路—海宁路交叉口进行实例仿真,通过设置交叉口锯齿形公交优先进口道及改变信号周期,来定量分析对交叉口车辆能耗和排放的影响。结果表明,设置公交专用进口道可使公交车辆总体排放明显下降,但是社会车辆的能耗和排放有所增加;对车均延误、停车次数、能耗与排放都合适的最佳信号周期范围是80～120s。     

基于程序切片的测试用例集约简方法

对用例集中的冗余测试用例进行删除往往会造成测试用例集错误检测能力(FDE)的下降。引入程序切片的思想,定义容易引起程序错误的语句为关键点,对其进行切片并分析取值范围,利用这些取值范围选取部分冗余测试用例可以保证最小化测试用例集具有一定的错误检测能力。     

钢桁梁梁端横向伸缩对轨道几何形位的影响

为研究钢桁梁梁端横向伸缩对有砟轨道几何形位的影响规律,运用有限单元法,建立线-桥横向分析的计算模型,对在日温差作用下钢桁梁梁端相对路基伸缩时有砟轨道几何形位的变化及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明,钢桁梁相对路基发生横向伸缩后会使有砟轨道线路产生较大的横向位移和方向变化率,但对轨距影响不明显;梁端伸缩时,道床、扣件横向阻力对轨道横向位移的影响很小,且其增大到正常值之后,轨道方向变化率受其影响也很小;钢桁梁横向固定支座和线路中线间的距离是影响轨道几何形位变化的主要因素,当其控制在6.7 m以内时,轨道的最大横向位移小于2 mm,方向不平顺变化率小于1‰。     

改进的轨道质量指数线性预测模型研究

针对轨道不平顺的发展,提出轨道质量指数(TQI)变化的线性预测模型.该模型使用平均法计算出一个适用于某一线路区段轨道不平顺的斜率 K 值,利用该 K 值建立线性预测模型,对轨道不平顺发展TQI值进行预测.影响轨道不平顺发展的因素复杂,不平顺的发展趋势表现出一种非线性变化的特点,俗称"浴盆型"曲线.提出改进的轨道质量指数TQI预测模型,即多阶段轨道不平顺线性预测模型(MPLM).     

多点虚拟激励法在整车随机振动分析中的应用

建立了9自由度整车模型,从理论上论述了多点虚拟激励法.构造了路面对整车的路面虚拟激励,求取了汽车虚拟振动响应量,并由此算出了汽车真实振动响应量的功率谱密度.结果表明,虚拟激励法在汽车随机振动分析中的应用和傅里叶分析方法同样有效,却简单得多.