Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

Influence of AC system design on the realisation of tractive efforts by high adhesion locomotives

The main task for heavy haul railway operators is to reduce the cost of exported minerals and enhance the long-term viability of rail transport operations through increasing productivity by running longer and heavier trains. The common opinion is that this is achievable by means of implementation of high adhesion locomotives with advanced AC traction technologies. Modern AC high adhesion locomotives are very complex mechatronic systems and can be designed with two alternative traction topologies of either bogie or individual axle controls. This paper describes a modelling approach for these two types of AC traction systems with the application of an advanced co-simulation methodology, where an electrical system and a traction algorithm are modelled in Matlab/Simulink, and a mechanical system is modelled in a multibody software package. Although the paper concentrates on the analysis of the functioning for these two types of traction control systems, the choice of reference slip values also has an influence on the performance of both systems. All these design variations and issues have been simulated for various adhesion conditions at the wheel–rail interface and their influence on the high traction performance of a locomotive equipped with two three-axle bogies has been discussed.     

高低压变频岸电装置结构型式分析

为保护港口环境、减少船舶污染物排放,近年变频岸电技术在世界各国得到了快速发展。本文针对多种结构型式变频岸电装置的技术方案和性能特点进行分析比较,IGBT串联多电平高压变频装置输出功率大、连接方便、技术可靠、价格低廉,是目前变频岸电系统建设的最佳解决方案。     

离岸式波浪能发电装置锚泊系统研究进展

基于国内外关于波浪能发电装置的锚泊系统研究现状,介绍了锚泊系统的组成,结构形式的分类以及相关的研究方法,并分析各自的优缺点,综合国内外关于波浪能发电装置的锚泊系统的实例,丰富了锚泊系统的设计基础知识,有利于掌握国内外关于波浪能发电装置的锚泊系统方面的最新研究动态,形成科学的系统的设计方案。     

基于Simulink的单相矩阵变换器的研究

介绍了矩阵变换器(MC)的优点,在此基础上分析单相矩阵变换器的工作原理、拓扑结构及推导过程,并基于Simulink进行仿真研究.以此来证明这种变换器的优点.通过仿真结果,发现这种交-交变换器具有输出频率连续可调、输出电压波形存在畸变,但在一定范围内连续可调、输入输出电流较接近正弦波等优点,发展前景大,值得进一步研究.     

地铁动车粘着系数的计算

为了较好地发挥车辆的牵引、制动性能,需要较合理地选择轮轨间粘着系数取值,从而使车辆处于较有利的粘着利用状况。从地铁列车的运行特点出发,提出电传动地铁动车计算粘着系数的计算要考虑大加、减速度的影响,并提出了具体的计算公式。     

采用直线电机牵引的广州地铁车辆

概要介绍了国内首次采用直线电机牵引的广州轨道交通4、5号线地铁车辆的主要技术特点,列车的组成和主要技术参数,并对车体、转向架、牵引与制动系统、逆变器、直线电机、辅助系统以及列车控制与制动系统作了较为详细的说明。     

直流1 500 V牵引供电系统框架保护特性

以广州地铁为例,分析直流1 500 V牵引供电系统框架保护的应用.对其故障特点、保护类型、整定方式及双边联跳后的措施进行了详细的分析.根据实际运营情况,提出了当前框架保护存在的局限性及对应的改进方法,即正确选定电压型框架保护和轨电位限制装置的整定值,以确保负极电位高时轨电位限制装置先动作;在运行中,须采取必要措施将正常工况下的负极电位控制在允许范围内;确保框架对地绝缘、牵引直流的正负级间绝缘和钢轨对地及其他设备间的绝缘处于良好状态.     

三种减少直流断路器的船舶中压直流电网拓扑结构及性能比较

为保护整流变换器及减少短路时电网中电容放电的影响,船舶中压直流电网中存在大量断路器,造成结构复杂成本高,为此本文提出三种结构的变换器,即基于级联H桥与多端DC/DC的结构(TMPDC),基于MMC整流与逆变的多级调压结构(MVR)和基于不控整流与模块化多电平变换器(MMC)驱动负载结合的结构(UR-MMC)。本文对三种结构的组成与特点进行了分析,并在电压谐波,功耗,体积,故障特性等方面进行了比较,最后通过仿真进一步阐述了不同结构在运行波形上的差异。通过各结构的特性分析,为中压直流电网在船舶上的应用提供了参考。     

基于碳化硅器件的高频化高效率船用变频器

碳化硅器件的应用能够显著减小电力电子变换器的重量、体积、成本,大幅提升电力电子系统的性能。本文基于碳化硅器件的高频化高效率船用变频器设计,采用电压源型双PWM交-直-交变频器系统拓扑结构,前级整流部分和后级逆变均使用最新一代碳化硅器件,提出有源前端(AFE)变频器系统拓扑结构、整流与逆变系统控制策略,以及主电路参数计算方法。系统仿真和试验结果表明,该设计方式是实现船用变频器高性能、小型化的有效技术途径。