2010年上海世博会道路交通组织措施总结与后世博长效机制的思考

介绍了2010年上海世博会道路交通组织的总体目标、基本策略和主要措施,对世博期间上海市日常交通和观博交通实现"双赢"进行了分析和总结,并对"P+R"停车换乘、公交优先、集约化出行转换等交通组织措施合理纳入世博会后长效管理机制进行了思考。     

交通噪声环境影响及互动式规划环评的应对

交通噪声投诉已居各大城市居民投诉之首,但交通噪声污染治理仍处于"先污染后治理"的模式。合理的交通规划和城市土地使用规划是解决城市交通噪声污染问题的治本之道。然而目前城市规划的各个层次对交通噪声预防考虑不足。该文提出了与规划过程互动的规划环评程序和方法,以期得到噪声污染影响最小的城市规划用地布局方案和交通规划方案。     

基于微观评价指标的城市道路交通拥堵评价研究

为了客观地分析城市道路交通拥堵现状,基于交通流基本原理及国内外已有研究成果,构建了城市道路路段及交叉口交通拥堵的微观评价指标体系,并量化分析了各单项评价指标的表征方法及数据采集机制。以此为基础,结合实地交通调查数据,对金华市城市道路交通拥堵现状进行了评价分析,揭示了该市交通拥堵的部分特征。研究成果为后期缓解交通拥堵方案及交通发展政策的制订提供了有力的技术支持和保障。     

城市新区行人立体过街设施设置分析——以贵阳市金阳新区为例

城市新区因未完全城市化、居民入住率低等原因,不能用一般城市区域的方法来分析研究行人立体过街设置问题。以贵阳市金阳新区为例,根据新区的公交规划数据,用高峰小时公交站点上下客及其过街的规律,定量分析金阳新区未来一些主要干道上的行人过街量,并结合未来主要干道上机动车高峰小时流量,分析这些主要干道上是否需要设置行人立体过街设施。     

集装箱港区排队缓冲区交通设计研究

通过分析研究国内外集装箱港区排队缓冲区形式,提出了排队缓冲区分类方法以及功能组成结构,并在大型车辆外廓尺寸和转弯半径研究基础上,创新性地对减速换道功能区、临时等候功能区和排队检查功能区的交通设计内容及方法展开研究。     

高速公路运营阶段安全性评价与分析

运用公路安全性评价标准对某现有高速公路运营阶段安全性进行评价与分析,通过计算运行速度和现场实测运行速度对其进行安全性检验,同时引入交通事故调查分析安全评价法鉴别事故黑点,有针对性地进行道路安全改造措施,保证车辆的行车安全。     

高速公路投资评估中的交通量预测

就经营性高速公路投资项目而言,建设项目的未来交通量预测是把握项目建设时机、确定建设规模与标准、进行经济和财务评价的基础,直接关系到投资效益,因此交通需求预测的准确性在投资咨询和评估中起先决主导作用。采用定性与定量相结合的OD分析法和后评价类推法,更为直观地分析和预测拟投资项目的交通量,可作为投资决策的依据之一。     

五路交叉口交通改善方法及其应用

五路交叉口通常用环岛来组织交通,随着交通量的迅猛增长,现在成了道路上的主要拥堵点,是交通界公认的比较棘手的问题,探讨五路交叉口的改善方案显得尤为必要。结合城市多路交叉口的常见问题,探讨了五路交叉口设计中的五路环形交叉、五路信号控制、五路环岛加信号控制、五路改四路等方法,分析了各方法的优缺点并提出其适用条件。以实际五路交叉口改造为例,对各个方案进行仿真,并对仿真结果进行对比分析,提出了五路环行交叉口的最优解决方案。     

A generic class of first order node models for dynamic macroscopic simulation of traffic flows

Node models for macroscopic simulation have attracted relatively little attention in the literature. Nevertheless, in dynamic network loading (DNL) models for congested road networks, node models are as important as the extensively studied link models. This paper provides an overview of macroscopic node models found in the literature, explaining both their contributions and shortcomings. A formulation defining a generic class of first order macroscopic node models is presented, satisfying a list of requirements necessary to produce node models with realistic, consistent results. Defining a specific node model instance of this class requires the specification of a supply constraint interaction rule and (optionally) node supply constraints. Following this theoretical discussion, specific macroscopic node model instances for unsignalized and signalized intersections are proposed. These models apply an oriented capacity proportional distribution of the available supply over the incoming links of a node. A computationally efficient algorithm to solve the node models exactly is included.     

Clockwise hysteresis loops in the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram: An effect of network instability

A recent study reported that the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram of a medium size city exhibited a clockwise hysteresis loop on a day in which a major disturbance caused many drivers to use unfamiliar routes. It is shown below that, even in a perfectly symmetric network with uniform demand, clockwise loops are to be expected when there are disturbances, especially if the disturbances cause a significant fraction of the drivers to not change routes adaptively. It is also shown that when drivers are not adaptive networks are inherently more unstable as they recover from congestion than as they are loaded. In other words, during recovery congestion tends more strongly toward unevenness because very congested areas clear more slowly than less congested areas. Since it is known that uneven congestion distributions reduce network flows, it follows that lower network flows should arise during recovery, resulting in clockwise loops. Fortunately, the presence of a sufficient number of drivers that choose routes adaptively to avoid congested areas helps to even out congestion during recovery, increasing flow. Thus, clockwise loops are less likely to occur when driver adaptivity is high.