考虑诱导信息影响的可变信息标志优化选址研究——以北京南站为例

可变信息标志(VMS Variable Message Signs)系统是交通诱导系统的重要组成部分.VMS通过发布相关信息,引导车辆选择最合理的路径,避免局部路段拥堵,均衡路网交通流量,在宏观上对城市交通管理起到重要作用.本文概述了城市交通诱导系统的发展及应用,介绍了基于VMS的交通诱导系统的功能、信息生成等,同时对国内外关于VMS的交通诱导系统研究现状进行了比较与分析;通过对VMS用户需求以及布点影响因素的分析,结合可变信息标志的选址原则,依据VMS诱导信息对路径选择的影响分析,改进了VMS数学规划选址模型.结合北京南站地区实际交通状况,分析VMS选址的影响.     

铁路路网运输能力可靠性研究

铁路路网运输能力可靠性是指在规定的条件(路网结构、固定设备、移动设备及一定人力与运输组织水平)下和规定的时间内,考虑日常随机因素以及不可抗力因素等的影响,铁路路网所能提供的各种服务能满足OD需求波动的能力.本文在分析了国内外路网能力可靠性研究和铁路运输的特点上,提出了铁路路网能力可靠性的概念,并构建了相关路网能力的计算...     

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对居民出行调查的主要结论形式——平均出行次数、出行方式结构和出行时间与工作地特征之间的关系进行了详细的分析,发现相互之间有明显对应关系,若能按照工作地特征分层（或分类）开展出行调查,则样本极具代表性.基于分层抽样,提出了一类新的居民出行调查方法,并对其中的抽样方法作了细致的研究,提出了总体及分层抽样率的确定公式.以温州市平阳县万全镇为例,讨论抽样率公式中的参数取值,得到了对应于7类工作地的出行调查抽样率大小,说明了本文方法的可操作性.并分析了本文所提出的调查方法相对于简单随机抽样法的优势.     

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小学生通学出行是城市居民出行的重要组成部分．随着城市化和机动化进程的加快,小汽车迅速进入家庭,利用私人小汽车接送学生上下学的比例逐渐增加,上下学期间学校周边交通拥堵现象严重,学生通学出行安全问题也日益突出．本文以北京市中关村地区三所小学为研究对象,对这三所小学进行了大规模摸底调查,以问卷形式调查了学生的居住地分布、交通出行结构、出行距离以及学生家长对乘坐校车的意见及意愿等,并对调查结果进行了具体分析．结果表明,学生家长对于开通校车的需求较大,且校车运营的正规性、安全性是吸引其选择校车接送的最主要因素．最后,从运营模式、线路规划、法律保障、交通管理、安全宣传等方面,提出了小学开行校车的几点建议．     

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在城市轨道交通的线路网络形成、实行一票换乘并伴随投资主体多元化时,需要建立公平公正的票务清分机制,本文提出一个基于乘客旅行实际时间分布计算各路径上乘客比例的新方法.根据交通卡中的进出站的时间记录,计算出在一段时间内在一对出入站之间完成旅行的所有乘客的时间分布,以这个分布为依据计算在这段时间里各路径上的乘客比例.采用数值模拟的方法在一对有两条有效路径的出入站间产生乘客旅行时间的数据,然后根据这些数据进行客流比例计算.结果表明,即使两条路径的运营时间差异很小也能实现较准确的比例划分,这种动态计算客流分布的方法能更准确地反映实际客流分布.     

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发车间隔的确定是建立行车计划的基础,合理安排公交运营方案可以在优化公交企业运营成本的同时,有效满足乘客需求. 本文提出了在保证公交运营服务水平和所需运营车辆最少的前提下, 确定公交发车间隔的模型. 在现有的模型基础上考虑了道路交通拥堵对公交运行的影响. 引入拥堵系数,建立了基于载客里程的公交发车频率模型. 实例分析表明模型使得发车间隔的计算更简单直观. 拥堵因子的引入对发车间隔产生了较大的影响,且能有效地优化公交发车间隔. 使公交企业更好地平衡了乘客满意度与公交车运行成本.     

MATLAB在运动控制系统实验教学中的应用

为了加深学生对《运动控制系统》这门课程的理解并提高教学效果,将MATLAB的Simulink及SimPowerSystems电力系统工具箱引入运动控制系统课程实验教学中,以转速、电流双闭环直流调速系统为例,利用MATLAB分别建立了直流V-M系统及直流PWM系统仿真模型.实践证明,通过更新教学方法、加强实验环节,学生能...     

Modeling Correlation of Family Holiday Activities Based on Structural Equation Model

Previous researches in activities-decision have more in-depth study in context of individuals, while less work has been done within household activity decisions. The structural equation model is applied to analyze the relationship of three household activity categories on holiday using data from 2009 Jinan travel survey. Six attributes were first chosen as exogenous variables for the structural equation model. Meanwhile, six activity characteristic indexes were selected as endogenous variables including activity duration time and activity times in three kinds of activity, hereby Subsistence activity, maintenance activity and discretionary activity. respectively. Then, the paper attempted to discuss the correlation of all types of activities behavior through analyzing not only the influence of household economics and family members factors on activity but the correlation of holiday activities. The research shows that complex relationships among composition of the family, economic status, and activities-decision can be captured by the structural equation model structure. Specifically, the results show that flexibility of three categories activities will affect the activities of decision-making.     

Conjoint Analysis Based Transit Service Quality Research

Transit quality service is an important factor that affects the bus split rate. This paper studies the passenger's preference of the bus service with the conjoint analysis. Through the actual survey and data analysis, the utility values of the reliability, frequency, walking time, etc. are measured. And the attributes' weights are determined through the utility values. The results show that the bus reliability is passengers' first concern, which is followed by in-bus environment, walking time and frequency. And the station environment and the price weight low. Then the bus service quality in Nanjing was investigated based on the attributes. The results show that passengers' evaluations about reliability, in-bus environment and frequency in the peak period are much lower than that in the non-peak period. And their evaluation on reliability is very low. The peak period in-bus environment and frequency also get bad evaluation.     

Urban Traffic State Estimation Considering Resident Travel Characteristics and Road Network Capacity

Urban traffic state is usually measured by vehicle average travel speed. It reflects the resident travel behavior on urban road network, and changes with the actual matching status of traffic demand and supply. In this paper, the traffic supply is estimated by the ideal carrying capacity, and the traffic demand is evaluated by vehicle traffic intensity considering resident travel characteristics. In this way, the network carrying capacity and traffic intensity are compared by equative unit. By introducing the intensity/capacity ratio, the matching degree between traffic demand and supply is determined, and the traffic state is identified based on average vehicle speed. In the last section, the 2005 field data of Beijing city is used to test and verify the proposed method.