Hub location with flow economies of scale

A characteristic feature of hub and spoke networks is the bundling of flows on the interhub links. This agglomeration of flows leads to reduced travel costs across the interhub links. Current models of hub location do not adequately model the scale economies of flow that accrue due to the agglomeration of flows. This paper shows that current hub location models, by assuming flow-independent costs, not only miscalculate total network cost, but may also erroneously select optimal hub locations and allocations. The model presented in this paper more explicitly models the scale economies that are generated on the interhub links and in doing so provides a more reliable model representation of the reality of hub and spoke networks.     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

胶焊,点焊和胶接接头应力分布的比较分析

采用三维弹塑性有限元数值分析方法，比较了分析了胶焊，点焊和胶接接头的应力分布情况，结果表明，胶焊接头与胶接接头的应力分布特征值基本相同，仅在焊点区内略有区别，胶焊接头中的胶粘剂有效地降低了点焊接头中焊点的应力，消除了其焊点过级处的应力集中，所得应力分布可合理解释已有强度试验结果。     

北京城市交通发展战略研究

本文综合分析了北京城市交通现状，运用生产力布局的理论对北京城市交通拥堵的原因进行分析，探索了国内外大城市交通发展的最新趋势，根据发展“首都经济”的要求．提出解决北京城市交通拥堵问题，必须采取标本兼治，并提出北京城市交通发展战略研究的有关建议。.     

柔性桩与土相互作用非线性分析的增量传递矩阵法

对桩侧土采用非线性荷载传递函数,对桩端土采用线性荷载传递函数,同时考虑桩周土所分担的荷载对单桩荷载传递规律的影响,利用增量荷载传递矩阵法及微分方程的近似解法--子域法,推出了刚性承台下柔性桩与地基非线性相互作用的近似解析算式。为了验证该方法的可行性,通过试验将试验结果与有限元结果及该方法所得结果进行了对比,对比表明:该理论解与现场实测值、有限元计算值都非常接近。     

以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥抗震设计方法

利用等效线性化方法将钢筋混凝土(RC)连续梁桥结构简化为多自由度线弹性体系,采用振型反应谱的概念研究了结构在横向地震作用下考虑多阶模态效应的直接基于位移的抗震设计方法。探讨了连续梁桥的上部结构(主梁)及桥墩(台)刚度的变化对结构横向振动模态质量与模态周期的影响,给出了多阶模态设计方法的具体设计过程。对对称与非对称连续梁桥采用相同的设计步骤进行基于位移的抗震设计,并对设计算例用非线性时程分析验证了设计结果的合理性。     

大学低年级学生心理状况调查研究

对某高校低年级学生进行了UPI问卷调查,结果显示:超过1/3的大学低年级学生多少存在一些心理问题,需要引起高等教育工作者的高度重视,并及时地给予必要的帮助。产生这些心理问题的原因,既有区域、性别和科别因素,又有环境因素,还有情感和个体体质的因素;大学生中出现一些心理问题是正常现象,关键是要重视,早发现、早引导、早治疗。     

浅析连续箱梁设计中的几个问题

结合工程实际,对连续箱梁设计计算中常遇到的几个棘手问题进行定量分析,并给出工程中实际可用的计算方法。     

有损伤简支桥梁的波动分析

大跨度桥梁这种大、轻、柔结构在承受扰动时,响应呈现明显的波动现象.出于对该类结构进行局部控制和健康安全监测的需要,应用回传射线矩阵法,对方波脉冲作用下的有损伤简支桥梁进行波动分析.桥梁结构的局部损伤用减小单元的杨氏模量来模拟.比较方波作用下有损伤结构与无损伤结构跨中处的弯矩波,研究损伤程度对弯矩波的影响.结果表明,当方波脉冲以力偶方式作用时,通过结构跨中处的弯矩波曲线能够准确的判断损伤存在,确定损伤位置和损伤区域.     

京张高铁北京北动车所上跨轨道交通13号线防护刚构设计

随着城市轨道交通建设快速发展,新建铁路与轨道交通交叉跨越越发频繁,为更好解决此类工程防护问题,结合京张高铁北京北动车所上跨北京市轨道交通13号线交叉工程,对铁路跨越既有轨道交通的防护刚构的进行研究.针对跨越工点,利用MIDAS等有限元软件建立防护结构有限元模型,对比选取不同基础刚度,分析研究防护刚架各设计参数,进行结构...